A

Absolutism, 121, 201, 202

Abyssinia, Italian imperialist venture in, 89, 267

self-determination after the first war, 271

Acara, habits determined by the inner nature of group man, 187

Africa, Central and Southern, 177

European domination in, 170, 270

expulsion of Germany from, 132

its regional life killed by Rome, 109

North, European conquest of, 267

in the causal chain of the first war, 132

likely grouping with Muslim West Asia, 175

the impact of French culture, 60

South, race difficulty in, 72

the principle of self-determination inapplicable to, 177

Agadir and Algeciras, 132

Aggregates, and individuals, 24

struggles in history for their formation, 25

conditions for real unity of, 63

geographical, economic and psychological factors in forming, 67

homogeneous large, on racial or cultural affinity, 52 larger, formation due to military reasons, 98

small, their advantages, 99, 101;—

defects, 103

Alexander, his empire, 104, 106

Akbar, failure to establish a new religion, 200

Alfred, and the state idea, 169

Alsace-Lorraine, French nationality and German domination, 49, 51, 140, 174, 271

America, and Phillipines, 90

civil war to settle the question of slavery, 171

continental agglomerate in, 12, 13

European possessions in, settlement a matter for the UNO, 13

intervention in Cuba and Mexico, 243

its democratic ideal, 85

attempted personal share in administration, 251

its ideal of League of Nations, 268

its language, and cultural poverty, 258. .

its opposition to Socialism, 15

its real unity as a nation, 46, 263

natural subgroups in, 175

uniformity, in spite of free federation, 181

Anarchism, an international movement, 296

primarily as a revolt of labour, 297

ancient presocial age of, 31

nature's revenge over too rigid mechanisation,

264 natural end of World State, 321

philosophical, as the issue of socialism, 156;

—spiritual, 253

Arabs, destroying Rome, 110

Arabia, nation and loose cultural groups in, 105

expansion before national consolidation, 106

its separatist tendency, 175

Aristocracy, guild, of labor, 214

official, an intellectual bureaucracy, as in China, 214

Aristotle's political being, 227

Armaments, international restriction of, an illusory remedy for war, 133

Aryan claims in India, their social and civic life, 100

Asia, continental agglomerate of, 12

recognising its resurgence and independence, 12

danger of communism, of combined Russia and China, 13

democratic ideal in, 85

its growing self-consciousness under European domination, 171

importance of the people in, 248

its culture, recognition of, 58

its impact with the West, 60 monarchical idea in, passing away, 210

natural groupings in, 174

Russian domination over half, 279

social hierarchy, of the four orders in, 116

Asian question, its importance to world peace, 132, 177

Asoka, insignificance of his edicts,

in Indian religions, 201

*Ashwamedha and Rajasuya sacrifices, 47

Assyria, expansion before national consolidation, 106,110

Assyrian Kings, 57

Athens, 101

its rich culture, 102

social equality in, 101

state idea in ancient, 32

Augustus, 55, 106, 200

Australia, as a British colony, 71 ,

beginning of national idea in, 44

grouping naturally with Britain,  rather than with America, 174,283

uniformity in spite of free federation in, 181

Austria, fall of monarchy in, 209

its prewar Balkan policy, 231

union with Germany, 46, 51, 144

Austrian Empire, 174, 271, 279

Austro-Magyar, 44

Autonomy, national, of colonies, a step to federated empires, 90 140

Avatar, as law-giver, 201

B

Babel, the tower of, 256

Balkan imbroglio, in the causal chain of the first war, 132

states, imperialistic ambitions of, 89

a constant theatre of disturbance, 268

Balkans, non-slavonic, elements in the, 53

Postwar arrangements in the, 271

Belgium, in the first war, 132

its colonies, 89, 271

its recognition as a cultural unit, 59, 180

Bengal, growth of its language, the cause of its renaissance, 260

Bismarck, 268

Boer republics, 268

Bourbons in France, 121

Bourgeois, in modern democracy, 213, .2I4

Brahmin as jurist, 194

as soldier in Maharastra, 118

decline of his prestige, 228

dominance in India, 27, 119

the priestly and pedagogic class, 27

Breton, 49, 69, 246, 261

British colonial policy, 73, 74

and Ireland, 176, 258, 272, 283

British Empire, 44, 65

field for Nature's experiment, 69;—

towards real unity, 71

now a free commonwealth of nations, 53, 272

the king a symbol of unity, 212

British nation, its formation, 65

Buddha, democracy in the days of, 100

Buddhistic literature, 102

C

Caliphate, 52;—and the new movements in Arabia, Persia and Egypt, 211

Canada, as a British colony, 71

beginning of national idea in, 44

its relations with England, 174, 283

Capital, its importance, 228

labour as its master in Marxian Socialism, 230

Caesars, 55, 58

and national unity, 106

Capets in France, 120

Carthage, 100, 104

Castille in Spain, 120

Catherine in Russia, 120, 121, 278

Celtic races, their struggle towards aggregation, 25

and culture, in Ireland, 57

Centralisation of Government, 181,

182, 184

economic and financial, 186, 190

military necessity its main factor in nations and in the  world state, 217 Centre, the need of a strong secular, 115

in nation-building, 120 Chaldean Empire, 110 Chandragupta, 100 Charlemagne, 56, 200, 247 China, a homogeneous empire, 53, 277

a large nation unit, 9

and Japan, 175

dictatorship in modem, 121

escaped deglutition by jealousies of nations,

267

fall of monarchy in, 209, 210

democratic at heart, 210

inadequate centralisation, its weakness, 182

national and loose cultural units in, 105

nation-building in, 117, 118

Christendom, medieval, 56, 108

and feudal Europe, 143 Christianity in India, a limited success, 61 Church and the State, their struggle in Europe, 117 Church as obstructing nation-building, 119

its decline in modern times, 228 City states, their rich culture in Greece, Italy, etc., 111,

264 Civilisation, 9, 16, 58, 59 Class domination, 26

war may break down national barriers, 145 Collective life of man, 19, 20 Confederacy of free nations, 322, 400

Confederation, Central European, 72

Constantinople, Russian demand for, 221

Constitution, as a mark of consicous evolution of society,

196

Commerce, international organisations for regulating, 130

Commercialism, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232

Communism, in Asia, 13, 15,

its inevitable world-wide struggle  

 with capitalism and social democracy, 146

not necessarily totalitarian in principle, 15 Continental agglomerates, preliminary to world union, 12, Court, international, 91 Cromwell, 278

Culture, in the modem economic view of life, 2.29

its forcible imposition, an exploded myth, 57, 287

national as distinct from state, 44

national, distinctive, 244

regional, its value, 20

the inner value, on which depends the outer, 262 Cultures, impact of, 57, 60, 288 Custom, crystallising into laws, 187

its force in India, 195

Czar, his absolute monarchy, 120, 208;—his militarism, 221

D

Democracy, an indication of the growing self-consciousness of the society, 187

based on liberty, 85, 86 bourgeois, 221, 222 modern, disguised oligarchy in actual working, 213 freedom of speech, thought and religion, its real gain, 292 the Greek and the modern idea of, 251

Democracies, small, in India and Greece, 99

political, 99

Dharma, king its upholder, not giver,

in India, 198 the right law of being, 198 of        

 the race, 33 of the state, 38 national, 198

Dharmarajya, the imperial reign of justice, 47

Disarmament, national, 226

Diversity, the need to retain its inner source, 264

Divine, as the law-giver, 188

indwelling, the hope for the new world-order, 8  

Domination, foreign, its utility for nation-building,110

Dominion Status, a confederation in fact, 70

an application of the principles of world union, 2,72

its effect on other Empires, 272, or Home-rule, 183 Druid civilization, 48

E

Economic life, its growing indivisibility and need of control, 240

Education, in the economic view of life, 229

Edward IV, 126

Egoism, collective, 266

of small units, to be pressed out for national unity, 110

of the state in internal and external relations, 37

Egoism, national, at the root of the colonial

impulse,90;—and the continuation of Imperialism, 216;—baffling international control of war, 131 menacing international peace, 223

rendering concentration of military power, 225

the possibility of its dissolution, 257

the enemy of unity, 313, 315

can be overcome by the spiritual religion of humanity, 314

Egypt, a problem for British federation

of colonies, 74

an analogy of the world problem, 263

national and loose cultural units in, 105

a nation in Africa, 270

gained independence after a

struggle, 272

Elizabeth, 121, 278

Empire, a political unit, 43

an evolutionary necessity, 50;

need to grow psychological unity, 50, 53

composite and homogeneous ,51 consolidation by brute force, the

Teutonic method, 54

federal, its form, 64, 65

its true reality, psychological, 63

large, the inevitable result of internecine war, 103

Empires, heterogeneous, an intermediate step in human unity, 172

their federation for confederation,

a likely approach to unity, 143

England, as the centre of a great supranational unity, 77

its culture, not imposed on subject nations, 57, 60;—Indian and Celtic influences on, 287

nation building in medieval, no the role of absolute monarchy in, I 18, 120, 122

under foreign yoke, 48 Saxon, national idea in, 46

state idea in, 32

transfer of the power of taxation first to the people, 191

English, killing out regional languages, 155

Equality, social and civic in small democracies, of Greece and India, 101

the cry of, 124

Euripides, 102

Europe, attempts at unification in history, 108

continental agglomerate of, 12

cultural interaction with Asia of, 245

her domination over Asia and Africa, the weakness of postwar arrangements, 171;—as a factor in cosmopolitan consciousness, 218

Modem, its debt to little centres of collective life, 20

natural subgroups in, 174

postwar redistribution of, 271

revival of its regional units on removal of the Roman pressure, 111

richness of life in small kingdoms, 21

small independent nations in prewar, 268

United States of, 91, 92,, 93

Evolution, application of ideas to life, 157

human, 8;—through free variation and individual development, 30

of a new superhuman race, 9

social, through the individual, the

group and humanity, 161

Evolutionary saltus opening a new line of human

destiny, 4

F

Fascism, undemocratic and non-equalitarian force of socialism, 230

Federation, European, a necessity, 92

failure in Russia due to lack of common ties, 2,77

its limited scope for variation, 322,

Ferdinand of Spain, 121

France, Feudal, its unity achieved by

Napolean, 184

fiscal powers, the strength of monarchy in, 191

foreign political interference in, 281

her European leadership broken by

Germany, 80

in the first world-war, association with Russia and England, 81

its failure to impose its culture on subject nations, 60

nation building in medieval, 48, 111

its first step, the revival of regional life, 116

its benefit from the persistence of feudal divisions, 112

its core, central, unity under absolutism of Capets and of Bourbons, 120, 121, l85

Papal authority and the secular state, in, 118

state idea in modern, 32 the workshop of liberty in last two centuries, 88

Franco-German, the last great war on

political motives, 231

Fraternity, the key to world unity, 315

French, the common cultural tongue of Europe, 256

Empire, its form, 64 nation,

its elements, 48

Revolution, its internationalism, 293;—

its watch-words, 124;— liberty, its first ideal, leading

to democracy, 85;—Equality, the second, leading to socialism, 86;— reconstituted France on geographical basis, 283

Finland, self-determination of, 284

G

Gaelic race, invasion by, 106

German Empire, heterogeneous elements in, 51;

—failure to unify them by brutal methods, 59;

— claim for expansion in central Europe, 141

socialism, quick to throw internationalism, 296

Germany, a large enduring nation unit, 9

and the small Teutonic states, 268

democracy in, 85

foreign political interference in, 243

her imperialist ambitions and the allied appeal to free nationality, 268;—dream of world empire, 79;—causes of her defeat, 81

her brutal method of unifying the empire, 57

militarism of bourgeois, 221

nation formation under Napoleon's yoke, 48

postwar break up of, 271

Prussian domination in, 183

Prussianism of, 263

revival of city and regional life in, 112

state idea in modern, 32, 88

unification under the Hohenzollerns and the Fuhrer, 120

uniformity by centralisation of national life in Berlin, 180

Gita, the, 160

Graeco-Roman civilisation, 54

world, its stagnation, 39

Greece, Early nation units in, 106

foreign political interference in, 266; — peace-time blockade against, 233

monarchy in, 100

Greek city-states, advantages and defects of, 25

the debt of modem civilisation to, 21

language in the Roman empire, 54

nation, a real unity, not lost under

Turkish yoke, 45

intervention by France or England for, 140

Group, its primary necessity for survival,

30 Group being, impersonal,  represented by administrators, 251

Grouping, free and natural, as the

basis of unity, 170

by nation-units, 173;

—not by race or language, 173

its likely lines, 174;

—harmony by removing aggression

in the group, 175

present, the result of world forces, 168, 170

Guru Govind Singh, 118

H

Hague tribunals, 129

Henry IV of France, 121

Holy Alliance, of Metternich, 220

(Holy) Roman Empire of Charlemagne, 56

Home rule (See, Dominion Status) recognised by Western Powers, 270

in Ireland and in India, 255, 272

Humanity, as internationalism in Europe, 292

the religion of, 308, 309

intellectual as Positivism, 309-310

the mental child of rationalism, 310

its accomplishment dependent on

its imperativeness, 312

its accepance as a spiritual religion, 315

its faith in humanity, 311

its fundamental idea: the godhead of man: 310

its good work in humanising society, 311

its gospel, liberty, equality and fraternity formulated by intuition, 313

limited to the social and political

field, 314

the need of inner change, 315

by awakening the soul o£ man,

315

supporting internationalism, 320 spiritual, the saving element for the intellectual, 322

its nature: growing realisation of the Spirit, 323

by individual discipline, 323

Humanitarianism, the result of the religion of humanity, 310

Hungary after the first world war, 215

in Austria, 221, 227

I

Ibsen, 251

Idea, a force for development, 303

expresses the will of nature, 302

evolutionary of life and nature, 159

the human, the individual as the

luminous person, 30

Ideas and forces, their interplay in

actual effectuation, 139

Ideal, as the first indication of

Nature's intention, 19of human unity,

a determining force in future, 19

Ideals, as applied in politics, 270

of tree nationality, in the first war, 268 as progressing expressions of the eternal truth of life, 160

Imperial aggregates, domination of, 143, 148

Imperialism, and free association of nations, 90

and internationalism, 140

growing prewar, 266

rigid in Germany, liberal in England, as an undertone in America, 268

its importance, 141

its future federation conserving local cultures, 58

India, a problem to federation, 73-74

independent evolution, a condition for unity, 75 democratic ideal in, 85-86

diversity of languages in, 257

diversity of cultures in, 260;

—case for their retention within the nation, 289

evil effects of class domination in, 28

her life, importance of religion in, 202

impact of English culture on, 60

influencing Europe through English, 287

nation-building in, 26

the scaffolding of fourfold social order, 116

the unifying effect of her great empires, 104;

—completed by British domination, 110

national consciousness of Mahrattas, 118

national evolution of, 46

psychologically ready for federation, 277

small aggregates, in, 99;

—their advantages and disadvantages, 103, 264

Indo-British unity, 75, 76

Individual, and indispensable term of human progress, 27,36, 162;

—and the group, 28, 32, 296

the, in small democracies, 101

Individualism and Collectivism, 30

the weakness of the English and

Teutonic ideas of, 40

Intelligentsia, growing in Asia, 211

International Law, 134

organisation, 129, 130, 131;

—for peace, 224;

—concentrating military power, 226;

—its pressure to end war, 234;

—inevitable growth from an arbitrating to an executive authority, 236

Internationalism, a European idea, 292, 293

a corrective to national separativeness, 238

conditions favourable to its success, 294-295

intellectual, in its absolute form,

293

its futurist outlook, 294 its ineffective power, 297 its necessity, 292-302

its trend towards world republic, 212, 213

socialistic, in Germany, Russia, etc.,

305;—the cause of its bankruptcy, 2,96

the ideal, too vague for the psychological basis of unity, 318

Ireland and England, 66

failure to unite, by repression, 67, 278

(Ireland), formation of the republic, 66

Home rule movement, 68

its language and culture, 259;

—attempts at revival, 260

nation-building unsuccessful in, 25

the continuance of her clan nations, 111-112

Islam, temporarily unifying the Arab

Nation, 25

Islamic civilisation, its failure to form

nation units, n6

Italy, colonial ventures of, 89

fascist, tyranny of, 251

its small units, their rich life and political weakness, 264

medieval, debt of European civilisation to, 21;

—its regional cultures, 289

nation formation, under foreign. yoke, in, 40

the obstacle, of papal authority,  118

French aid to, 140

(Italy), Roman, successful aggregation of, 25

difficult problem of her assimilation, 107

revival of city states, in its cultural benefits, 112

Ivan in Russia, 121

J

Japan, an homogeneous empire, 51

assimilation of western culture in, 60

colonial ambitions of, 90, 93

its downfall removes Westerners' antagonism, 12

pre-war expansion, absorption of Korea, 267

unification of spiritual and temporal leadership in, 117

modern nation unit in, 120

Jewish nation, failure to unite, 25

Judea, nation-building in old, 106

Judiciary, centralisation under the

world state, 193

its independence in England, 195

K

Kaiser Wilhelm II, 93, 268

Karma, separation of Ireland, the fruit of, 69

the first war, the fruit of, 132

King, as legislator controlled by religion, 195

as the state, 33 his divine right a fiction, 201

in council, in Aryan society, 197

progressive centralisation of his authority, 189;

—transfer of his power to people, 190

Kingship, its historical importance, 121

to be democratic, in the world state, 212

Kshatriya, the kingly and warrior class, decline of his

prestige 2,7, 2.28

L

Labour, in power, 297

internationalism, 145, 237

its growing importance, 213, 228

Language and uniformity of thought, 155 .

common, its practical necessity, 2,56

its diversity no bar to cultural uniformity, 246, 257

one great principle of division in nature, 256;

—the sign and power of the soul of the people,

 a factor of national unity, 2,57

(Latin) republics and America, 94, 144

Latin, the common cultural language of Europe, 256

as a dead language, impotent for creation, 261

killing out regional languages: of Gaul, Spain, and Italy, 155

Law, and liberty: 165;

—liberty to obey the law of our being, 166;

—law the child of liberty, 166

customary, embracing all life, 187

its enforcement, 134;

—by might, 134

rational, codified by central authority, 188;

—its evolution from customary law, 187, 195;

—the formulation of social dharma, 198

Law-giver, original, 188;

a symbol, 188;

—or a spokesman of Divinity not a law-maker, 188

League of democratic nations, for peace, 129;

— impracticable without world support, 220, 225;

—or military power, 225;

—not effective against the great powers, 223;

—the risk of internal discord or of strife with socialism, 220

of nations: a step towards free union, 273

its opportunistic element, 274

ignores psychological unity, 305

its fundamental defect, the oligarchy of great powers, 5 the result of the first war, initiating a new era in history, 129

Legislation, the culmination of social development, 186, 187

depending on social dharma, 198;

—beyond the province of the sovereign, 199 Liberty, an obstacle to uniformity, 151;

—likely encroachments on, 152;

—a new formulation, consistent with unity, 152

and progress, 248

as the basis of democracy, 85

diminution of individual, in organised state, 87

in democracy, limited by the tyranny of the majority, 250

in socialism, 251, 252

necessary for power and fruitfulness of life, 165

of groups and individual supressed in nation-building, 121;

—need for its reassertion, 124

sacrificed in Roman empire for its peace, 321

secured by nature through individuality, 256

the result of painful evolution, 150

Life, diversity, not uniformity its rule, 255

the evolutionary idea of, as progressing through ideals, 157-160

Louis XIV, 121, 185

Lycurgus, 168, 188

M

Macedon, its overrule helping Greek

unity, 46, 105, 132

Mahomed, 188

Man's capacity for evolution by self-exceeding, 158

necessity for knowledge, 157

soul withering in stagnation after the first flush of the World State, 250

Manu, laws of (Manava dharma shastra), 168, 188

the law giver, 188

the mental man, 186

a symbol man, 188

the perfect sage and king, 201

Maurya Empire, 21, 110

Mazzini, 89

Megasthenes, 100

Metropolis, advantages of artificial

concentration, 22

Metternich, 91, 220

Mikado, the spiritual and the temporal leader, 117

and the formation of the modern nation unit, 120

Militarism, not a German monopoly, 219

the result of national egoism, 219

Mind, the conscious part of nature, 158

imperfections of individual, and

collective, 158, 160

Moghul empire, 21, 110, 210

Monarchy, 120, 123, 185, 209, 210, 211

Monarchical State, concentrated all

national life in itself, 122

Moses, 188

Monroe doctrine, 94

N

Napoleon, his failure to establish an

empire, 56 his ideas spread after his defeat, 88

his limitation in legislation, 201

his yoke in forming o£ German Nation, 48

Nation, an aggregate, 43, 104;—the

real unit, 45;—the organization

for the group-soul, 46

a persistent psychological unity, 49

and human unity, possible

adjustments, 163

building, its three stages, 112, 115 (i) the framework of fourfold social order, 116 (ii) unification under a strong centre, 117;—or foreign yoke, 45, 48;—modifying the social order, 117;—and suppressing group liberties, 120 (iii) progressive self-consciousness, securing individual liberty, equality and fraternity,

124

formation in Europe in the millennium after the fall of Rome, 104, 111

free and organised, the near future of, human group, 87

its foundation, not race but ties, historical and cultural, 276

its formal unity, by centralisation of military, 182;—and of administrative organisation, 184

its psychological unity, 299;—a slow growth, from necessity, 300

its soul expressed in the religion of patriotism, 300, 307

the importance of natural language to, 257

the natural unit of free grouping, 172

(Nation) units, and state units, 276 old,

formed out of loose cultural units, 105;

—by conquest, 106;

—decline due to expansion, before consolidation, 106 the largest at present, 101 their need to form larger units, 9 their status in world-union, 178

Nations, as units of the World State, 212

their progressive subordination inevitable, 237 by centralisation of military, of ad

ministration and of cultural life, 239

precarious position of small, 142 supreme council of, as a form of world state, 216

National liberty no longer an ideal, 140

Nationalism and Imperialism—the two

sides of national egoism, 266

 its barriers being effaced by science, religion, thought, 237

(Nationalism), may evolve World Parliament, 215

modified by the first war, 268-272

Nature in evolution, 157, 158;—acts in all our movements, 160

its eternal truths glimpsed as ideals, 159

in travail of imperial grouping, 50

crying halt to experiments on Roman lines, 56

experimenting on federal Empire of Great Britain, 69

her method, persistence if her intention is opposed by man, 46

calling up forces of opposition, 3

working through failures, 19 human unity, her will and design, 301; now trying political unity through external means, 147; UNO, the result of its forces, 3; will create a third body if UNO fails, 5; demands early establishments of the world order, 8; will ensure the success of the next union, in spite of the new weapons, 8

Nietzsche, 93

Noninterference, the principle abandoned in emergencies, 243

O

Oligarchy of imperial nations, 216

Ottoman empire, its failure, 46

P

Panchayat, Indian village jury, 194

Parliament, acquisition of power from

the Stuarts, 191

of free nations, as a form of World

State, 216

Parliamentarism, 214, 215

Parliament of man, 153

Patriotism, 306

Peace, a covert war, 233

international ,the chief preoccupation of the world state, 218

various suggestions after the first

war, impracticable, 219

world state concentrating military power in its hands, its only safeguard, 225

necessary for commercial prosperity, 231

the great gain of the world state, : 248

People and nations in the East, 248

transfer of power to, with growing

social consciousness, 181;

in external affairs, 189; in internal,

190; gradual in England, 191;

revolutionary in France, 191

Persia, 208, 267

Peter, 120, i2l, 278

Phillip II of Spain, 121

Phillip, the first unifier of Greece, 106

Plantaganets, 120 Poland, and Russia, 278; the case for

union, 278

in the first war, 140

national sentiment in, 49

under German Empire, 51

recognition of its autonomy, 176

Political self-consciousness, 119

Politician, the nature of modern, 35

Positivism, a formulation of the intellectual religion of humanity, 310

Powers, great, in international affairs, 141

Pressure commercial, a cold war,

 233; boycott and blockade,

its weapons, 233; in war and peace,

in the hands of a world body, 234

Progress of man, through assimilation

 and interchange, 162 from uniformity

 of nature to selfpossessed unity of the Divine, 32

Protectorates, 56

of Mexico, 268

Pundit, versed in Indian Shastras interpreting law, 195

Purana, the legend of Manu in, 188

R

Race as a subsidiary element of grouping, 173

Reign of Terror, state control started

by Jacobins in, 87

Religion in aid of absolutism, 2,02

and internationalism, 295

as controlling the sovereign's legislative powers, 195

in the modem economic view of life, 228

the spiritual life of the individual and the group, 200

cannot be determined by a monarch, 200

ultimately yielding to the state in the West, 195

Republic, as a likely form of the world state, with nations as provinces,213

Republicanism, Rooseveltian, its undertone of imperialism, a68

western in origin, but adopted

widely in the East, 209

Revolt, the justification of, 124

Revolution, for removing barriers to self determination, 177

Roman citizenship to all subjects, 55 city-states, as examples of small aggregates,100

Roman Empire, as leading to stagnation in the Graeco-Roman world, 39

a model for future world state, 42 its absolutist form of government, 208

its advantages, 249

its component state disappeared in the Roman unity, 108, 267, 306

its failure due to vital exhaustion, 55,109

its peace in Europe more valuable than liberty, 225

mastery and overlordship, its method for supranational unity, 9

the historic example of heterogeneous aggregate, 53

Rome, expansion of her empire before national consolidation, 106

its civilisation temporarily revitalised by exchange with the East, 109

its sea power in subduing Carthage, 81

Ruling body, the organised state,

not the best minds in the state, 35;

nor the sum of the communal energies, 37

Russia, a congeries of nations, not a nation state, 277

its nation units crushed by the imperialism, 265

after the revolution, 271

and China, the combination a threat to Asia, 13

and Finland and Poland, 284; the justification of their union, 278; its military and economic advantages, 279

Bolshevist, despotism of Soviets, 275; intolerant and violent communism, the result of its history, 6

duel between socialism and democracy in, 221

growing power of labour in, 214

its domination over half Europe, 279

may achieve world union for a time, with its strong communistic idealogy, 10

militarism of socialist, 221

nation formation, under foreign yoke, 48

importance of Czars to, 120; their absolutism helping central uniformity, 121

Soviet tyranny of the mass over its units, 253

the Czar in, 221

the principles of political arrangement illustrated by application to, 276 to 278

Russian and Panslavonic empires, dream of, 52

heterogeneous, its problem, 53

Russian Empire, the, its feeble psychological bond, 278

its geographical and economic necessity, 200

Russian Socialism, 296

S

Samrat or Chakravarti Raja, Emperor, or the head of a circle or union

of kings, 47

San Francisco: initiation of the world organisation, a good beginning, 15

Sanskrit, as the common language of India, 256

Science, 83

and internationalism, 295 and the possibility of establishing world empire by force, 11, 83

in effacing national barriers, 237 in the economic view of life, 229 in the socialistic world, 246 in unifying world culture, 245 may attempt unity by mechanical means, in vain, 20

Scotch, the, as an element of the British Nation, 50, 66

Scotland, its clan-nations, unified under English yoke, 112

its relations with England, 67, 69 nation building under foreign rule,

in, 25

Security Council: oligarchy in, special powers to big five a concession to

realism, 5

Self-consciousness, national, growing in Europe, Asia and Africa, 171

Self-determination as the basis of diversity in a free world union, 283

of dependent nations, accepted in Europe, 176

opposed by imperial egoism, 176 the first step towards psychological unity of empires, 171

of nations, in Europe and elsewhere, 222

the Russian ideal, 275

a new moral force for the future, 279

as compared to the French Revolutionary ideal, 281

its power affected by the opposing principle of revolutionary force, 276

its significance now lost, 281

not backed by force, 281

substitutes psychological for the vital basis of political arrangements, 277

Semitic Nations, struggle towards aggregation, 25

Serbia, now Yugoslavia, as a cultural unit, 59, 232, 268

greater, 140 

Shastra, Hindu, an ossification of custom, 196

embracing the whole life of society, 187

secured uniformity in social life, 87

the legislative authority, 194

Shudras, as warriors, 118

the working class: its growing importance, 228

their subjection in India retarded progress, 103

Slav nations in Austrian empire, 44

Slavery in Islamic social order, 116

in early democracies, in Greece, Rome and India, 102

Social order, in small democracies and in empires, 99

its hierarchy in the East and the West, 116

the necessary framework for nation building, 116

the need for dissolution of the hierarchy for national uniformity, 118

Socialism, aims at self-conscious uniform ordering of the whole life, 200

an out-growth of nationalism, 296

and the form of the world state, 212

as opposed to bourgeouis democracy, 220

based on equality modifying liberty, 86

cooperative, a likely development, 14

democratic, 86

independent of labour, 230

its challenge, the great political question, 2,44

its extension, likely to all nations, 14;—except America, 15

its militaristic possibilities, 223

its triumph in leading nations will impose its rule on others, 244

Marxian, an aid to commercialism, 2.30

primarily a revolt of labour, 297

the truth in the aim of modern, 41

Society, centralisation and uniformity, 241

its evolution from natural to rational, 204

organised, by centralisation, 194

self-conscious evolution begins with the king and the council, 197

through the state, legislating for its needs, 187

Sovereign, centralisation of executive authority, 193

Spain, nation formation in: its feudal divisions, 112

spiritual powers of its king, 118

unification under the House of Castille, 120

under foreign yoke, 48

Fascist interference in, 244

Sparta, kingship in, 100

social equality in, 101

the centripetal force in Greece, 45, 106

the state ideal, totalitarian in ancient,

32 Spirituality, reawakening, may end commercialism, 230

State, a machinery, 40

absolute socialistic, a child of monarchistic, 203

an entity without ideals or conscience, 37

and Society, their growing self-consciousness, 187

eclipsing the respect for individual liberty within the nation, 152

education, defects of, 40

idea, as opposed to the human idea, 30

in modern times, 33

its inadequacy, 35

its inevitable drift to uniformity and socialisation, 247

its three types, 32

international, its necessity, 136

its business: to facilitate co-operative life, 41

its call egoistic, not that of our highest ideals, 39

its limited scope in the East, 248

its present basis, vital and physical, 276

its recent attempt to grow into an intellectual and moral being, 38

its supremacy over, or unification with, the Church, 117

its utility, 40

national, the German experiment, 87

perfectly organised, based on socialism, 86

the origin and growth of the idea, 87

regimentation, 156

religion, aiding absolutism, 202

the history of its evolution, 204;— two future possibilities: 205

States, international co-operation of free national, 89

Stuarts, 191

Subjectivism, favouring variation, 155

Switzerland, its unity in diversity, 173, 180, 182, 245

T

Tariff walls as the result of commercial rivalry, 231

Teutonic nations in Europe, 51

empire, with Germany and Austria, its possibility, 144

Time Spirit, 230

Tolstoy, 253

Tudors, 120

Turkey, in Europe, 74, 268

movement for uniformity, 180 post-war

allied policy in, new nations out of the empire, 175

U

Uniformity, a sign of the group, 30

as the basis of world unity, its

extreme forms and compromises, 154

by force, the result of centralisation, 150

its application in modem times, 180

its extension from the nation unit to the World State, 179

of Judicial administration, 194

of law, 195

of social principles, regulated by the State, 203

the basis of life's stability, 164

the first foundation of a nation unit, 120, 180

the only means, to the human intellect, for unity, 180,184

of centralised government, 180

the risks of too rigid, 166

Union, preserving the freedom of the groups, the correct process of human unity, 265

UNO, 2, 129

an outcome of natural forces, a step in the right direction, 3, 15

its need of careful leadership, 4

its real danger: division into two camps, communism and democracy, 6

trend to form a world order representing both, 7

a good omen for future bodies, 15

the trace of oligarchy in, 5

a concession to realism, 5

Unity between man and man, the aim of the religion of

humanity, 313

expressed in Vedic Hymns, 313

based on the change of the inner human nature, 314

demand for early, 96

probable lines of progressive, 97

external without internal, possible but cannot be healthy, 42

inevitable, 318

its likely forms, 319

its two factors: uniting sentiment and vital necessity, 317

the psychological factor essential, 318

formal, a framework for the psychological, 303

the urge in nature expressed in international socialism, 305

may culminate in a world state or a confederation, 305

its possibilities, 303

domination by one or more powers, 303

international control by a league, 304

provide no basis for psychological unity, 305

human, a part of Nature's scheme, 23

founded on diversity, 255

its ideal form: co-operation of all free nations and empires for international purposes, 90, 94, 139

free association of free nations, 127, 168, 256

not likely to be immediately accepted, 138

actually working out through strife, 169

practicable if the state idea be resisted by democratic nations, 248

securing uniformity with freedom and diversity without separativeness, a difficult problem, 262

its military necessity, 2.18

its economic necessity, 227, 234

supranational aggregates, like Indo-British, the next step towards, 76, 263

the ideal, a determining force in future, 19

valuable as a framework for richer life for the individual and the groups, 20

international, loose formation its first framework, 126; — the problem complicated by racial and cultural agglomerates, 138

mechanical, inevitable pending psychological, 323

national, its cost in India and Europe, 99

psychological, growing out of the political unity of empires, 52

not achieved by Roman or other empires, 306

of nations, as a religion of the country, 307;—following the external, 318

of man needs the Religion of Humanity, 308

real, achievable only by a spiritual religion of humanity, 316;— based on freedom, 163 embracing unity and uniformity, 164

spiritual, allowing full freedom of self-expression, 323;—renders uniformity unnecessary, 164;— safeguards liberty, 167

world, inevitable, 16-17

Upanishads and Vedas reveal the vivacity of early

spiritual life, 102

V

Vaishya, bourgoisie, dominant in Europe and America,

26

his importance in the modern world, 228

Variation and free interchange, the fundamental

principle in human nature, 157

progresses with the evolution of the mental being,

30

W

 Wales, as a part of British Nation, 49

geographical necessity of the union, 67

nation-building in, 25

War, commercial rivalry, its motive, 231

regulation, by the World State, 233 efforts at international control, 130 national egoism, its root cause, 132.

Will, secret in things for unity, 137

Wilson, President, 273

Women, subjection of, in democratic communities, 99

in Greece, Rome and India, 103

World-culture, one with free regional diversity, the

ideal, 289

the trend towards, 245

World-order, early need to achieve, 8

World-empire by force, 78

World-State, the;—and human unity, 42

arising out of voluntary international organisations for peace, 236

by progressive centralisation, 238

of administration, 239

of control over the economic life, 240

of the judiciary, 242

and uniformity of common life, 242

and of culture, 245

by external means, of forceful fusing of nations units, 178

crime machinery, under the, 242

free grouping of nations, its just basis, 170

gain to humanity, peace and wellbeing, 248

implies a central organ of power representing the will of the nations, 208

instinct of unity, its only psychological support, 307

on sure justice and fundamental equality, 6;—an evolutional necessity, 8

socialistic, inevitable growth out of the state idea, 247

seeking uniformity, will end in the revolt of anarchism, 321

supported by commercialism, 232-33

unification of powers the real problem, 216

World Union, 284

recognition of the will of the peoples, 284

free economic interchange, 284

its framework: 289

confederation for common human ends, 289 subduing separativeness by a psychological change; 290

on free self-determination as the

basis of diversity, 283

World War I, its causes, 132

its effects in Europe, and Africa, 270-271

its lessons, the need of human unity, 127

reinforced international tendencies, 297

revealed the need of international

peace organisation, 218

revived the idea of free nationality, 212, 268

suggested closer association of nations, 91

World War III, the catastrophe becoming large, 2

may precipitate the final outcome of the World endeavour, 5

Y

Yoga, spiritual discipline: its method

of calling up opposing forces for final solution, 2

Yugoslavia, see Serbia

Z

Zollverein, natural to the German Empire, 72, 75