-26_Glossary and Index Page 322 to 340.htm

Gaea (Earth); also certain of the offspring of these Titans. The names of the twelve Titans, the ancestors of the Olympian gods, were Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, lapetos, Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys, and Cronos. Cronos, the youngest of them, ruled the world after overthrowing and castrating Uranus. He swallowed each of his own children at birth, but Zeus escaped. Cronos was made to vomit up the others (including Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, and Hades) and, after a protracted struggle, he and the other Titans were vanquished, all of them but Atlas imprisoned in Tartarus, and the reign of Zeus was established. More broadly, the word Titan may be applied to any being of a colossal force or grandiose and lawless self-assertion, or even to whatever is huge or mighty. (M.I.) Der: Titanic; Titanic- ally; Titanism 1: 144 2: 32 3: 78, 95, 97, 122, 149, 176, 228, 238, 268, 277, 297, 422 5: 61, 84, 95, 100, 106, 111-12, 146, 149, 196, 201, 211, 217, 241, 253, 291, 335, 394, 396, 401-02, 404, 406-07, 410, 414, 418, 420, 429, 444, 481, 485, 498, 532-33, 539-40, 543-45, 564 6: 126, 180, 212, 216, 232 7: 913-15, 918, 920, 922, 924, 941, 1006 8: 27-28, 30-33, 50, 52, 57, 101, 126, 130-31, 175 9: 51, 78, 112, 119, 149, 192, 559 10: 182, 336, 421, 426, 442, 470 11: 28, 445 12: 107, 387, 399-400, 408, 410, 430, 435, 439, 474, 499 13: 53-54, 161, 163, 165-66, 332, 343, 349, 366, 370, 454-55, 457 14: 103, 288, 301, 398 15: 36, 73, 224, 235, 244, 374, 456, 596 16: 266, 276-78, 284, 311 17: 12, 73, 94, 106, 142-43, 169, 259, 383 18: 324, 603 19:776, 783, 1022, 1068 20: 100, 108, 161-64, 214, 450 21: 540, 716 22: 178 27: 98, 152, 154, 157-58, 309, 325-26 28: 18, 25, 132, 163, 215, 224, 230, 336, 341, 343, 380 29: 450-52, 480, 505, 507, 510, 590, 631, 642, 651 1:22 11:46-47, 57, 77 V: 9-11 VI: 200-01 VII: 70 VIII: 189 IX: 10 X: 148; 150-51, 154, 158, 167 XI: 64, 67.74 XII: 194 XIV: 127, 131 XV: 20, 44 XVI: 144 XVII: 2, 3, 58-59 XIX: 54

Titanic a famous ocean liner, (when launched) the largest ever built; it sank on its maiden voyage after colliding with an iceberg on the night of 14-15 April 1912, with a loss of 1, 517 lives, a XX: 118

Titian full name: Tiziano Vecellio (1488/90-1576), Italian painter of the Venetian school, whose mastery of handling colour and the technique of oil painting made him one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance. (Enc. Br.) 14: 247

Togos natives of Togoland, former German protectorate in Western Africa, now divided between the Republics of Togo and Ghana. (Enc. Br.) 1: 219

Tokyo capital of Japan, located on the northeast coast of Honshu, on Tokyo Bay. Tokyo-to is the name of the metropolis, which includes the national capital of Tokyo and numerous industrial and residential suburbs. (Pears; Enc. Br.) Var: Tokio (now an unusual spelling) 5:120 14:9

Tolstoy Leo (Lev) Nikolayevich Tolstoi (1828-1910), Russian novelist and philosopher, one of the world’s greatest writers. Moral and social elements play a great role in his later works, for which he is much respected. Perhaps his best and certainly his most famous work is his long novel War and Peace. (Col. Enc.; A; Pears) Var: Tolstoi Der: Tolstoian; Tolstoyism l: 860 2: 14, 42 4: 73, 92, 215 9: 105, 329, 477. 555 13: 31 14: 47 15: 488 VII: 4, 16 XIV: 118

Le Tombeau d’Edgar Poe a sonnet by Mallarme. (A) 9:531-32

Tommy Atkins a familiar name for the typical private soldier in the British Army, arising out of the casual use of this name in the specimen form given in the official Army regulations from 1815 onwards, showing how such forms should be filled up with the name of the soldier concerned, etc. (Ox. Comp.) 26: 343

Tongres a town in Belgium some twenty kilometres northwest of Liege. Any German retreat that took place here in August 1914 (if the "recoil" was not invented by the Allied press) was a minor diversion in the general German advance. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov.l913-0ct. '27] Tooly Street probably "Kumartuli Street" in northwest Calcutta. 2:205

Tophet a place in the valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem used for idolatrous worship and later for depositing refuse, to incinerate which fires were kept burning. Tophet became a name for Hell. (C. 0. D.; Col. Enc.) 2: 254

Toraman a character – Prince of Cashmere - in Sri Aurobindo’s incomplete plays Prince of Edur and The Prince of Mathura. Historically, Toraman was the leader of the Hun tribe that came to south Rajasthan from west Asia. (A) 7:739, 742, 749, 752-53, 755, 761, 780-82, 784-86, 791-93, 801, 803, 812, 891, 896-98

Torquemada, Tomasde (1420-98), first Grand Inquisitor in Spain, whose name has become synonymous with the Inquisition’s horror, religious bigotry, and cruel fanaticism. (Enc. Br.) 1: 443 3: 464 17: 141

Tory Tory and Whig are names used to denote two opposing political parties in England. This was particularly true during the 18th century. Originally they were terms of abuse introduced in 1679 during the heated controversy over the bill to exclude James, Duke of York (afterwards James II), from the succession. The term Tory was applied to those who supported the hereditary right of James despite his Roman Catholic faith. The term Whig connoted nonconformity and rebellion and was applied to those who claimed the power of excluding the heir from the throne. After the Revolution of 1688 Toryism became identified with Anglicanism and the squirearchy and Whiggism with the aristocratic landowning families and the financial interests of the wealthy middle classes. The connotation of the two terms has changed continually as they were applied to individuals or parties by sentiment and tradition. Although the label Tory has continued to be used to designate the Conservative Party, Whig has ceased to have much political meaning. (Enc. Br., under "Whig & Tory") 1:201, 435, 565, 573, 863

Totalitarian a poem by ARJAVA, published in his collection Poems (1939) (A) 9:356, 358

Tota Puri the Naga sannyasi who initiated Sri Ramakrishna into sannyasa. The latter used to refer to him as "Nangta", the "naked one". Tota Puri was a great Vedantist and a man of profound knowledge. He became Jivanmukta, "liberated in life", as a result of austere spiritual practices over forty years. He was ignorant of the path of devotion, but he was moved to tears when once Sri Ramakrishna sang to him a devotional song. Tota Puri stayed at Dakshineshwar for eleven months, and there used to be frequent conversations between him and Sri Ramakrishna. He was born, it is said, at some place in or near Punjab. (S.R.G.M.; Gospel) a 23:788

Tower of Babel See under Babel D 15:491

Tower of Silence also known as Dokhma, one of the places for the disposal of the dead among the Parsis. It is a round structure with a well in the middle, and on the sides three rows meant for adults and children. The bodies are laid bare and are soon consumed by vultures. According to Zoroastrian principles neither fire nor earth should be defiled. The practice seems to go back

to the old Iranian custom of exposing the dead on mountain tops. (Gaz.-I) 1: 189

Townsend, Meredith a British statesman, perhaps an M.P., who was closely watching Indian affairs and expressing his views on them around 1907. (A) 1: 582

Toy Cart title, translated into English, of a beautiful Sanskrit drama Mrcchakatika in ten acts composed in the 1st and 2nd cent. AD by King Shudraka, and supposed to be the oldest extant Sanskrit drama. (Dow.) 3: 297 9: 113 X: 161

Trades Union(s) Bill the bill that was passed without Conservative opposition, and became the Trade-Union Act of 1871, the British Law giving unions an assured legal status. (Record; Enc. Br.) XXII: 126, 133

Trafalgar the Battle of Trafalgar, a naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars (1800-15), which established British naval supremacy for more than a hundred years. It was fought on 21 October 1805 west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain. (Enc. Br.) 1: 815 III: 23 (Traivrishna) Tryaruna (Traivrsna Tryaruna), a Vedic Rishi, author of hymns. His name is Tryaruna; Traivrishna is his patronymic from Trivrsan. (Note: "Trasadasyu", which term at some places appears as if associated with one or both these names, is the name of another Rishi whose patronymic is Paurukutsa see B. P. C. and the list of Rishis on p. 1018 of the Rigveda Samhitd of Vaidika Samsodhana Mandala, Poona.) Var: Tryaruna Traivrishna 10: 416 11: 241

Trance a poem by Sri Aurobindo, written on 15 October 1933. (A) a 5:578 9:363, 412 26:303-04

Trance of Waiting a poem composed by Sri Aurobindo in hexameters and pentameters with leonine rhyme. 26: 239 29: 786

Transformation a sonnet by Sri Aurobindo. It was written sometime in the early 1930s; its first draft was entitled "Liberation". The poem first appeared in the Calcutta Review of October 1934. (Sonnets; I & G) 0 9:531 29:735 Transition title of a poem (in free verse) by Eleanor Hammond, published in the American journal Poetry and reproduced or quoted from in the second number

 of Shama’a that was reviewed by Sri Aurobindo mArya. (A) 17:321

Translations title of Vol. 8 of Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library, containing translotions by Sri Aurobindo from Sanskrit and other languages, Indian and foreign. 26: 240

Transvaal northernmost province of South Africa. After the defeat of the Boers, the Transvaal was made a British crown colony (1902). It became self-governing in 1907 and joined the Union of South Africa in 1910. Now it is one of the four provinces constituting the Republic of South Africa. (Col. Enc.; Pears) l: 132, 560, 575, 651, 753, 815, 829 2: 301-03, 326, 330, 334-35 4: 223-25, 242, 246

Trasadasyu See (Traivrishna) Tryaruna.

Trasadasyu (Paurukutsa) a royal sage and author of hymns, mentioned in the Rig-veda as king of the Purus. He was the son of Paurukutsa by his wife Paurukutsa, born to her at a time of great distress. (V. Index) 4:26, 29 10:417 11:241-42, 433

Travancore former princely state in extreme southwest India, on the Arabian Sea. The region now forms part of Kerala state in the Republic of India. (Enc. Br.) 1:817

The Traveller one of the best known poems of Oliver Goldsmith, published in 1764. (Enc. Br.) : 17, 19

Trebizond or Trabzon, capital of the province of Trabzon in Turkish Armenia, northeastern Turkey. It is a port on the Black Sea. (Col. Enc.) 7:597

Treitschke, Heinrich von (1834-96), German historian and political writer whose advocacy of power politics was influential at home and contributed to distrust of Germany abroad. (Enc.Br.) 15:35 Treneth (or Prince Paradox), one of the participants in the dialogues "The Harmony of Virtue" and "Beauty in the Real", written by Sri Aurobindo at Cambridge. D . 3: 46-50, 52-53, 55-61, 63, 65-68

Treta in the ancient Indian astronomical reckoning, the second of the four Yugas (Ages), a period of 1, 296, 000 years. In the Treta, sacrifice commenced and righteousness decreased by one-fourth; men adhered to truth, and were devoted to a righteousness dependent on ceremonies. Vishnu

manifested in this Yuga as Rama, his seventh incarnation. (Dow.) 3:453 4:68 11:449, 451-52 12:271 15:118 16:412 27:363 11:37 V: 96 VI: 156 VIII: 191, 193 XTV:119

Trevesham Hall in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Devil’s Mastiff’, home of Lady Alicia Nevil. (A) 7: 1051

Trevor one of the participants in Sri Aurobindo’s dialogue "The Harmony of Virtue". 3: 24-29

Tribune English daily founded in 1881 at Lahore. Under the editorship of Nagendranath Gupta (1911) and Kalinath Roy (1917), the paper regained its old importance. In 1947 it stopped publication, but reappeared at Simla after a lapse of forty days. The following year it was shifted to Ambala, and in 1969 to Chandigarh, where it still continues to be published. (Enc. Ind.; S.F.F., p. 1020) 1:254, 648, 819 2:103 27: 57

Trichinopoly a city and district in the former province of Madras; the name is now spelled Tiruchchirappalli; it is the administrative headquarters of the district of the same name in the state of Tamil Nadu. (Enc. Br.) 26: 400, 406

Trieste capital (since 1963) of the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and of Trieste province, in northeastern Italy, at the head of the Adriatic Sea. Trieste was once the prosperous main port of the Austro- Hungarian empire, but, in spite of its ties with Austria, it preserved its Italian language and culture. (Enc.Br.) 15:514, 519

Trigartas mathe Mahabharata, name of the people of a country called Trigarta, whose king was also called by the same name. Arjuna defeated the Trigartas during his conquest of the "North"; his brother Nakul also once did the same. Consequently the Trigartas bore ill will against Arjuna and his brothers and fought against them at Kurukshetra. (M.N.) 3: 191

Trimurti the supreme triad in Hindu mythology, consisting of the gods Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, the representatives of the creative, preservative and destructive principles of the universe. The triad was foreshadowed in the Vedic association of the three gods, Agni, Surya and Vayu. The representation of the Trimurti is one body with three heads, in the middle Brahma, on the right Vishnu, and on the left Shiva. (Dow.) D 22: 82

Trinity College at Dublin (Ireland), also known as the University of Dublin; founded in 1591 on the site of a 12th-century monastery. (Col. Enc., pp. 567-68) 1: 23

Triple Alliance name given to four European treaties; the most important was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy formed in 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. (Enc. Br.) XX: 148 XXI: 2, 66, 88

Tripoli city in northwestern Libya, the chief seaport (on the Mediterranean) and capital of the country. Tripoli was occupied by Rome, the Vandals, Arabs, and Turkey (1551-1911); in 1911 it passed to Italy and was made the capital of Libya. (Enc. Br.) 15:328, 367, 502

Tripos Honours Examination of Cambridge University, originally for honours in mathematics. (C.O.D.;Web.) 3:1, 486 XVI:66, 73

Tripour also known as Tripurasura, in Hindu mythology, a name of the Asura Bana, so called because he received as a gift three cities (Tripura) from Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu. He was slain by Shiva. (Dow.) Var: Tripura 3: 242-43, 245 27: 103, 105

Trishanku the name of a sage mentioned as a teacher in the Taittiriya Upanishad; in a later legend, it is the name given perhaps by Vasishtha to Satyavrata, a king of the Solar race, for being guilty of three great sins. Rishi Vishwamitra, gratified by the assistance which Satyavrata had rendered to his family, tried to send him alive to heaven (by performing a sacrifice for that purpose) as desired by the king in spite of the resistance and opposition of the gods and of Vasishtha. The king was eventually fixed in the sky as a constellation. (V. Index; Dow.) Var: Trishuncou 5: 53 12: 324

Trishiras Twashtra Trisiras Tvastra, a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Tvastr. 11:390

Trishuncou See Trishanku

Trita (Aptya) a minor deity mentioned occasionally in the Rig-veda, and generally in some relation to Indra. From his origin in water (apah) he was called Aptya. Trita is the god or Rishi of the third plane, full of luminous mental kingdoms unknown to the physical mind. Yaska in one passage of the Nirukta explains the name as that of a Rishi or seer. (Dow.; A; V. Index) 10:361, 387, 403-04 11: 32, 220, 379, 391, 403-04, 427 Tritons Triton, in Greek mythology, was son of Poseidon. He was a sea creature like a

merman, the upper half of his body being human, the lower halffishlike. Later Greek literature speaks of many Tritons, sometimes described as riding over the sea on horses. They characteristically blew trumpets of conch-shells. (Col. Enc.) D 5:506, 524, 546

Tritsuraj an epithet of SUOAS. He was the king of a people known as TRITSUS (Dow.) 4: 24

Tritsus "Those who seek to pass beyond", a people frequently mentioned in the Veda. Sayana says they were "priests who were Vasishtha’s disciples". Vasishtha himself is said to have belonged to this class of priests. The Tritsus were helpers of SUDAS in the great battle against ten kings. The defeat of the ten kings is celebrated in one hymn of the Rig-veda, and is evidently alluded to in two others. (A; Dow; V. Index) D IV: 127

The Triumph of Dante a poem by K. D. Sethna written in 1936. 0 26: 301 Triumph of Life The Triumph of Life, a poem by P. B. Shelley, written in 1822 and published in 1824; the poet was working on it at the time of his accidental death. It is, in Sri Aurobindo’s opinion, a metrical failure. (Enc.Br.;A) 27:93

Triveni "the triple braid of waters"; the waters of the Ganga and Yamuna joined by the waters of the mysterious underground stream of the Saraswati at their confluence in Prayag near Allahabad, XVI: 146

Troad, the sameasTROAS. 5:395, 402, 426-27, 446.449-50, 458, 461, 480, 484, 486, 492-93, 503, 506-07, 516, 518 VI: 134

Troas or the Troad, the territory surrounding ancient Troy (which was its capital) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor; scene of the events of the lliad and an ancient centre of Aegean civilization. The territory consisted of a number of allied independent cities, which were harried by the Greeks for the first nine years of the Trojan War before they attacked the capital city itself. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) 5:391, 400, 413, 435, 443, 463-64, 472, 475, 477, 516, 595

Troezen a town in ARGOLIS near the eastern tip of the Peloponnesus. (M.I.) 5:487

Troilus in Greek legend, a son of Hecuba and Priam (Apollo, according to one story, was his real father). He has already been slain when Sri Aurobindo’s poem llion opens. Legend says that he dared to meet Achilles in single combat, and having fallen wounded was dragged to his death by his own horses. The tale of his tragic love for

Cressida was a post-classical development popular in medieval Europe. (M.I.) 5:416, 426-27, 450, 453, 457, 478

Trojan See Troy

Trondhjem or Trondheim, historic port city, ancient capital of Norway; presently capital of Sor-Trondelag county in central Norway. It is known by several variant spellings including Trondhjem. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 6:480, 485, 487, 514-15, 519, 526, 530, 540, 555-56

Tros in Greek legend, an early Trojan prince, son ofErichthanius, grandson of Dardanus. The district of the Troad and the Trojans were named after him. He is remembered in llion as a great conqueror. (M.I.) l-l 5:412, 417-18, 426-27, 467, 498

Troy ancient city in northwest Asia Minor, which was situated a few miles south of the entrance to the Hellespont (Dardanelles) on a mound commanding the triangular plateau between the rivers Scamander and Simois. In the second millennium BC it was the strongest power on the coast of Asia Minor and its location gave it control over trade between the Aegean and the Black Sea; the Trojan War (c. 1200 BC) may have actually been fought by the Greeks mainly to destroy this control. Excavations have discovered on the site of Troy a series of towns one above the other dating back to the third millennium BC. The city of Priam, named after Tros and also known as Ilium or llion, was built on the ruins of ancient cities and was surrounded by a massive wall erected, according to Greek legend, by Poseidon and Apollo for Laomedon. The Trojans, according to the Greeks, traced their descent through Dardanus to Zeus and considered their city to be inviolable because of the presence of the PALLADIUM. See also llion, Troya, and Ilian2. (M.I.) Der: Trojan (native of Troja, the name of Troy in Latin) 3: 188-89 5: 33, 383-85, 392-93, 395-400, 402-07, 410-16, 418-32, 434-35, 437-41, 443-71, 474-81, 483-86, 491, 493, 497, 504-06, 508, 511-16, 518, 595 9: 206, 230, 315, 372, 482 16: 83 17: 83 I: 72 VI: 134-35 XVII: 44

Troya same as Troy; perhaps from the Greek word "Troia" for Troy. 5: 392, 397, 399, 401-02, 404, 408, 411-12, 414, 417, 419, 421-22, 424-28, 431-32, 439-40, 442, 447, 449, 452, 456-59, 461-64, 466, 468, 470-71, 474, 481, 483-84, 487-88, 499, 504, 509, 511-12, 516, 519 8: 409 VI: 135

Truman Harry S. Truman (1884-1972), 33rd President of the United States of America (1945-53). He led his nation into international confrontation with Communism and defended the New Deal reform

tradition. (Enc. Br.) 26: 416-17

Tryaruna Traivrishna See (Traivrishna) Tryaruna

Tryaruna Trasadasyu See (Traivrishna) Tryaruna

Tryas in Sri Aurobindo’s llion, a Trojan senator and erstwhile warrior, descended from Teucer. (M.I.) 5: 412, 461

Tsar See Czar

Tudors Welsh royal family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603, represented by the five English sovereigns Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. (Enc. Br.) 15: 356-57 18: 436

Tughlak, Mahomad Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the son and successor of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlak, the founder of the Tughla-k dynasty. (D.I.H., p. 649) n m: 10

Tugra in the Veda, name of a king, a protege of the Asvins; "the Forceful-Hastening". Tugra sent his son Bhujyu with a large army to conquer his enemies in Dwipantara. Their boats which could go in sea and air capsized in a storm. The Aswini Devas (the Asvins) saved them and sent them back to their country. (V. Index; A; Pur. Enc.) 10: 449

Tukaram (1607-49), a famous poet and saint of Maharashtra. He is often considered the greatest writer in the Marathi language. He was a senior contemporary of Shivaji, on whom his poems and teachings had a great deal of influence. His devotional songs are addressed to Vithala (of Pandharpur), considered an incarnation of Vishnu. (BhaktaCh.; D.I.H.; Enc. Br.) 3:110 4:143 14:129, 187, 256, 318-19, 321 1:4 IX: 29

Tulsi(das) (1532/43-1623), most celebrated Hindi poet whose principal work, the Rdmacaritamdnasa (the story of the Sanskrit epic the Ramayana retold in Hindi) is the greatest achievement of medieval Hindi literature and has exercised an abiding influence on the Hindu culture of northern India. Tulsidas was a saint and a bhakta; all his poetry, which includes eleven works besides the Rdmacaritamanasa, is devotional, most of it centering around RAMA’. He has been called the Shakespeare of Hindi literature. (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.) 3:214, 427 14:256, 319-21

Tunstall a character (historical) in Scott’s poem Marmion. 9: 319

Tuntra See Tantra

Turanian The Turanians were a people assumed by some scholars to have been the predecessors of the Aryans (Indo-Europeans) in Europe and Asia. They spoke the Turanian languages, the Ural-Altaic family of languages. (Enc. Br.) Var: Turanean 10: 553 XVI: 136

Turcoman (also spelled "Turkoman" and "Turkman"), name of a people belonging to the southwestern branch of the Turkic linguistic group. The majority live in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic and in neighbouring parts of Soviet Central Asia. (Enc. Br., under Turkman) 15: 79

Turcophil a lover of Turkey and the Turks. 1: 721

Turiu a character, probably imaginary, participating in one of the "Conversations of the Dead" written by Sri Aurobindo. Turiu seems to be a worshipper of Leda, mentioned as goddess of peace, love, beauty, and bliss. (A) 3:477-79

Turk a native or inhabitant of Turkey, especially a member of the Moslem people of Turkey or, formerly, of the Ottoman Empire. In its wider meaning the term is applied to the Turkic-speaking peoples of Turkey, the U.S.S.R., Chinese Turkistan, and East Iran. The term is also used in a derogatory sense for a ferocious, wild or unmanageable person. (Web.; Col. Enc.; C.O.D.) Der: Turkish a 2:167, 169, 248, 278 4: 252 5: 276, 596 7: 565-68, 621, 624, 666, 715, 718-19, 732 15: 287, 290, 412, 417, 646 24: 1235 27: 122 XX: 148

Turkey country (now a republic) of southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. Turkey in Europe is separated from Turkey in Asia (Anatolia) by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which link the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Though Anatolia is one of the oldest inhabited regions of the world, the history of Turkey as a national state begins only with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Der: Turkish 1: 305, 311, 580 2: 35, 117, 167-69, 192-93, 247-49, 390, 406 4:187-88, 214 14:11, 378, 431 15: 287, 302, 321, 324, 332, 417, 446, 502, 504-05, 513, 646 17: 185 26: 433 XX: 134, 147 XXI: 2, 4, 11, 32, 43, 59, 63-64, 70-71, 90, 92, 93 (Asiatic), 94-95, 100 XXII: 133

Turkistan name formerly employed to designate the region of Central Asia lying between Siberia on the north, Tibet, India, Afghanistan, and Iran on the south, the Gobi desert on the east, and the Caspian Sea on the west. The term was intended to indicate the areas inhabited by Turkic peoples, but the region contained peoples who were not Turkic, and excluded some who were. (Enc. Br.) 15: 512 27: 122

Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775- 1851), English Romantic painter, perhaps the greatest 19th-century landscapist, who in his original use of light and colour, was unmatched in breadth of stylistic treatment and subject matter. He left over 19, 000 water colours, drawings, and oils to the English nation. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 14:237

Turvas(h)a a Vedic Rishi whose name occurs frequently in the Rig-veda, usually in connection with Yadu (see Yadu’). (V. Index) Var: Turvasu 11: 49 II: 45 VI: 148

Turviti name mentioned several times in the Rig-veda. In three passages reference is made to Indra aiding him over a flood. A scholar has conjectured that he was king of the Turvasas and Yadus, but there is no sufficient evidence for this view, though presumably Turviti was of the Turvasa line. (V. Index) a n: 49 VIII: 146

Tusaradri See Himalaya(s)

Tuscany a region in central Italy extending along the Tyrrhenian Sea. It includes several islands, of which Elba is the largest. Florence is the capital of Tuscany. (Col. Enc.) Der: Tuscan l: 505, 525 8: 254

Tuticorin a city in Tinnevelly (present Tirunelveli) district of Madras (present Tamil Nadu state). It is a port on the Bay of Bengal. (Enc. Br.) 1:726, 728, 745, 752-54, 762, 793, 797-98, 803-04

Tuxuc (Taksaka), in Hindu mythology, name of a serpent, son of Kadru, and chief of snakes. King Parikshit died from the bite of this serpent. (Dow.; M.N.) 5:252

Twashtri in the Rig-veda, name of a deity who is the ideal artist, "the Fashioner of things". He corresponds in many respects to Hephaestus of Greek mythology and Vulcan of Roman mythology. In the Puranas he is identified with Vishwakarma, the artisan of the gods, and sometimes with Prajapati, one

of the Adityas.  (Dow.) 10: 15, 238, 325, 327, 329, 377, 425, 438-39 11: 28, 82, 392 VIII: 145 IX: 4  Tweed Tweed River, in southern Scotland, 97 miles long and forming for 17 miles the border with England, where the last two miles of its course lie. (Enc. Br.) 1: 827 Twelfth Night a romantic comedy by Shakespeare, written in the period 1595-1600 and first performed in 1601/02. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 3:248-49 27:107 24 Parganas name of a district of Bengal (now of West Bengal state), occupying the southwestern corner of the Ganga Delta and extending along the east bank of the Hooghly River. (Enc. Br.) 1: 855 4: 189, 258

Twins (or Gemini, a Latin word meaning "twins’"), the third sign of the zodiac, known as Mithuna in Hindu astronomy. It is a constellation on the side of the Milky Way opposite Orion. It is pictured as the figures of the twin heroes. Castor and Pollux, with the two brightest stars in the constellation representing the heads of the figures. (Col. Enc.) 17: 257-58, 260

"The Two Moons" apparently a working title of Sri Aurobindo’s poem Moon of Two Hemispheres, 9:363 .

Tyabji (Bose) Badruddin Tyabji (1844-1906), a nationalist Muslim, who was the first Indian barrister of Bombay and, in 1895, became a judge of the Bombay High Court. (Note: "Tyabji Bose" is probably a jocular miscombination as Bose is a Hindu Bengali surname). (Enc. Ind.) l: 190

Tydeus in Greek legend, father of Diomedes and son of Oeneus, king of Calydon in Aetolia. Tydeus married a princess of Argos (sister of the wife of Polynices, son of Oedipus) and was one of the leaders in the expedition of the "Seven against Thebes". (M.I.) 5:439, 478, 491, 506

Tydides in Greek legend, an epithet of Diomedes (son of Tydeus). (M.N.) 5:442, 479-80, 486-87

Tyndarid;Tyndaris in Greek legend, epithets of Helen (daughter of Tyndareus). Tyndareus, husband of Leda and king of Lacedaemon, was Helen’s foster father. (M.I.) 5:405, 434, 440, 480 Tyre the modern Sur, a town in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean. It was one of the greatest commercial cities of the ancient world and an important centre of Phoenician civilization. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)

DerTyrian 5:505 6:3, 8, 23-24, 44-45, 49-51, 53-54, 56-57, 59, 62, 64, 100, 104, 113-14, 134. 152-54, 170, 184, 190-98

Tymaus a character – a merchant of Babylonia, wrecked on the coast of Syria in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer, a 6: 3, 16-20, 85-88, 91-94, 180, 186, 188

Tyrol or Tirol, now a Bundesland (federal state) in western Austria, consisting of North Tirol (Nordtirol) and East Tirol (Osttirol). After World War I, Italy obtained the southern Tirol, with its sizable German- speaking majority, and retained it after World War II, despite objections by Austria. (Enc. Br.) 15: 625 Tyrolese inhabitants of Tyrol or Tirol. Independent-minded Tyrolese rose in 1525, when Protestantism was strong there, and again in 1809, when French and Bavarian rule proved irksome. (Enc. Br., X, p. 2) in: 24 Tyrrhenian Greek name for the Latin "Etruscan", meaning (native) of Etruria, an ancient country of west central Italy, now forming Tuscany and part of Umbria. The Tyrrhenoi possessed an excellent knowledge of ironworking and brought the older art of bronze-working in Etruria to a new level of achievement. (C.O.D.; Col. Enc.) 6: 412 9:117

U

Ubhayabharati in the Shankara-Vijaya, wife of Mandana Misra, a famous scholar. Chosen to adjudicate a debate (sdstrdrtha) between her husband and Shankara, she ruled in favour of the latter, but later herself baulked Shankara by questioning him on Kamasastra (the knowledge of sex-love). Shankara, after acquiring the requisite knowledge, subsequently defeated her. Ubhayabharati was considered to be an emanation of Saraswati, the goddess of learning, who is also called Bharati. 12: 510

Ucalegon a Troj an senator who, in Ilion, is thought to be a traitor along with Antenor because he counsels peace. (M.I.) 5: 412, 428, 430

Ucchaisravas (Uccaih-sravas), in Hindu mythology, the archetypal horse; a white horse which arose from the waters, as a result of the churning of the milky ocean

and was given to Indra as his share. It feeds on ambrosia. (Dow.) Var: Ucchaisravus 3: 378 13: 349 X: 159

Udaian See Vuthsa (Udayan)

Udaipur; Mewar Udaipur or, more correctly, Mewar was a princely state of India under British protection. The city of Udaipur was founded in 1560 and was made the capital of the state in 1568 by Rana Udai Singh (1529-72). The state came under British protection by a treaty concluded in 1818. (D.I.H.) 1:520, 767 15:354 26:14 III: 24

Udayan See Vuthsa (Udayan)

Udayavatie in Hindu mythology, a nymph of heaven, "a lovely child of musical spirits". (A;M.W.) 7:974

Udbodhan a Bengali monthly journal of the Ramakrishna Mission published from Calcutta, in which Girija Shankara Roy Chaudhuri wrote a series of articles on Sri Aurobindo, making in them, especially in the June 1944 issue, quite a number of in accurate statements. (A) 26:56, 58 XVI: 193

Uddhava in the Mahabharata, friend and counsellor of Krishna. According to some authorities he was Krishna’s cousin, being the son of Devabhaga, the brother of Vasudeva. His place among the Bhaktas (devotees) of that period is considered very high. (Dow.; A) 4:68, 71

Ugrashravas one of the ancient Indian writers who enlarged the original epic Mahabharata of Krishna Dwypaiana. (A) 3: 141

Ugro-Finnish (races) perhaps, peoples speaking languages of the Finno-Ugric subfamily of the Uralic group of languages, spoken in northeastern Europe, western Siberia, and Hungary. (Web.) 10: 553 Ujjayini(e) an ancient city of India, also known as Avanti or Avantika; it was the capital of the kingdom of Avanti known later on as Malwa. It is considered as one of the seven holy cities of the Hindus, renowned for its former beauty and wealth. By the 4th century BC, in the time ofChandragupta Maurya, it became a centre of early Buddhism and ofJainism. Ujjayini figures prominently in the works of Kalidasa. The site of the ancient city is near modern Ujjain in Indore division of Madhya Pradesh state. See also Avanti. (D.I.H.; Enc. Br.; M.W.) Var: Ujjayin 3:213, 215-16, 222, 229, 262, 294 6:214, 247-48, 281, 301, 305, 313, 315, 318, 326 X: 144

U.K. See United Kingdom

Ukraine a southwest Russian steppe region, now known as the Ukranian Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic in southwest European U.S.S.R. It is sometimes called "Little Russia". Kiev is its capital. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 15:512-13

Ullaca See Alaka

Ullas(kar) Ullaskar Datta (1885-1965), a member of the Yugantar group, the band of revolutionaries led by Barindra, In the Alipore Bomb Case he was sentenced to death, but on appeal the sentence was reduced to transportation for life in the Andamans. He was, however, granted amnesty after serving ten years. After his release he never actively participated in any kind of political work. Ullaskar was normally fun-loving and light-hearted. Ullas had a sweet singing voice and was a good ventriloquist and a caricaturist. (D.N.B.; A & R, XII: 232) 4:310

Uloupie in the Mahabharata, daughter of Kauravya, king of the Nagas (snakes), with whom Arjuna contracted a kind of marriage. She was nurse to her step-son, Babruvahana, and had great influence over him. (Dow.) 5: 325

Ulster northernmost of the historic four provinces of Ireland. Ulster consisted of nine counties. The refusal (1921) of six of them to join the rest of Ireland in accepting Home Rule led to the establishment of the state of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The three remaining counties of Monaghan, Cavan, and Donegal form the province of Ulster in the Republic of Ireland. (Enc. Br.) 15:298 XXI: 56, 60

Ultima Thule far-away (ultimo == farthest) unknown region. Here (VI: 164) the reference is to the farthest place (in Asia) to which Napoleon marched. See also Thule. (C.O.D.) VI: 164

Ulysses Latin form of the Greek name ODYSSEUS, l-l 3: 3 22: 417 Ulysses a poem by Tennyson, published in his collection Poems (1842). (Col. Enc.) 9: 137, 456

Uma (Haimavati) 1. Supreme Nature from whom the whole cosmic action takes its birth. The earliest known mention of the name is in the Kena Upanishad, where she appears as mediatrix between Brahman and the other gods, and seems to be identified with VACH. 2. In Hindu mythology, Uma is a name of the consort of Shiva (see Parvati), (A; Dow.) 3:271, 309, 316 4:34 8:386 12:150, 219 X: 152 XV: 20, 29 XVII: 33

Umba a character ~ Vasavadutta’s handmaiden in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasavadutta. 6:207, 261, 267, 273, 278, 305, 307, 309-11, 315, 327-28

Umballa Ambala, administrative headquarters of Ambala district in the former province of Punjab (now in the state of Haryana). (Enc. Br.) 1:188

Umbrian of ancient (or modern) Umbria, a region of central Italy, crossed by the Apennines and the upper valley of the Tiber. .(Col. Enc.) 1: 525 15:344

Undhak in the Mahabharata, son of Yudhajit of the Yadava race. He was brother of Vrsni. (M.N.) 8:43

Ungarica a character – Queen of Avunthie - in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasavadutta. 6: 207, 225, 249-52, 254, 256, 260, 279-83, 305, 307-08, 311-12, 315-16

Unionist dissensions In British and Irish history, those favouring the maintenance of the union of Great Britain and Ireland established by the Act of Union of 1800 were known as Unionists. The term "Unionist" was first used in the 1880s when the Liberal Party split over the issue of Home Rule for Ireland. The Liberal Unionists, who opposed Home Rule, formed a coalition with the Conservative Party and were gradually absorbed into it. In the first two decades of the 20th century "Unionist" often meant the whole Conservative-Liberal Unionist coalition. In Northern Ireland the term has continued to be used in this way. (Enc. Br.) XXI: 60

Union Jute Mills perhaps of Calcutta, in which there was a strike in 1907. (A) 1: 564

United Kingdom or U.K., constitutional monarchy occupying most of the British Isles in the Atlantic Ocean off Northwest Europe, comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. [Note: From 1801 to 1921 the term included all of Ireland.] (Enc. Br.; Web.N.C.D.) 1:85, 118, 367 2:379, 393 12:486 15: 515

United Nations Assembly the General Assembly of the U.N.O., which occupies a central position in its structure, and meets once a year. It can discuss any question concerning peace and security brought before it. It makes recommendations,  but any question upon which action  is necessary must be referred

 to the Security Council. (Pears) 15: 560

United Nations Organization or U.N.O., international organization established in 1945 (Charter signed on 26 June), immediately after the Second World War, to replace the League of Nations. The original members totalled 51. The present number of states is about three times this number. The principal organs of the United Nations are: General Assembly, Security Council, Trusteeship Council, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. A few of its specialized agencies are the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). (Col. Enc.; Pears) 15:364, 556-59, 561, 567, 569 26:418

United Provinces or U.P., the former name (before 1947) of the present state of Uttar Pradesh. The original full name was United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 1:195, 227, 231, 359, 891 2: 305, 309, 329-30 4: 191, 238 26: 410 27: 40, 43

United States (of America) federal republic in North America, comprising fifty states plus various outlying territories and related political units. The capital is Washington, D.C. See also America. (Enc. Br.) 2:397 15:288, 293-94, 333, 378, 417-19, 486, 493, 507, 549, 566, 620

U.N.O. See United Nations Organization

U.P. See United Provinces

Upadhyay(a), Brahmabandhab (1861-1907), assumed name of Bhawani Charan Bandhyp padhyaya. He was a leader of the Swadeshi movement, and editor of the Bengali daily newspaper Sandhya started in 1904. In 1907 he also started a weekly journal Swaraj to supplement Sandhya with writings on cultural, literary, and historical subjects conducive to the growth of national consciousness and patriotism. Proceedings were taken against Sandhya in August 1907 and Upadhyaya was arrested on September 3rd. He died while his case was pending. (A; D.N.B.; P.T.I.) Var: Brahmobandhab I: 565, 609, 628, 634, 853, 857, 861 4: 164 26: 15

Upanis(h)ads treatises dealing with the philosophical ideas and thoughts of the Vedic period. They do not deal with rituals or sacrifice, but they form part of the Shruti, or "revealed Word". They represent the final stage in the tradition of the Vedas, so the teaching based on them is known

as Vedanta ("end of the Veda"). The special concern of the Upanishads is with the nature of Reality. In them one finds a development toward the concept of a single, supreme being, towards reunion with which all knowledge is directed. The Upanishads are of later date than the Brahmanas, and are attached to the latter, or are parts of the Aranyakas. They are generally written in prose interspersed with verses, but some are wholly in verse. There aie about 200 or more of these iw/^rs, of which twelve are considered important. (D.I.H.;Enc. Br.;Dow.) Der: Upanishadic 2: 19, 29 3: 150, 222, 244, 292, 343-44, 360, 364, 369-70, 377 4: pre., 43-50, , 53-54, 73, 121, 127-30, 252, 276, 280, 298, 310 5: 579 9: 18, 22, 33, 42, 114, 200, 203, 215, 236, 245, 283, 321-22, 340, 370, 504, 510, 536, 555 10: 2-6, 11-14, 20, 25, 30, 34, 37-38, 60, 171, 174, 266, 309, 335, 427, 545-46 11: 1, 5, 14-16, 21, 446, 462, 464, 468-71, 476, 481, 487, 499 12: passim 13: 6-7, 13, 16, 30, 38, 62, 64, 72-73, 80-82, 84-86, 91, 105, 132, 175, 197, 220, 252, 258, 277, 282, 285, 294, 326, 333, 335, 346, 398, 424, 514, 549 14: 1, 16, 29, 58, 80, 97, 110, 136-37, • 143, 146-48, 150, 166, 180-81, 185, 198, 230, 256, 258-59, 261, 267-74, 276, 278, 280, 282-83, 286, 288, 291, 309, 312, 316, 348, 402, 407 15: 3, 159, 176, 234, 339 16: 13, 94, 98, 158, 183, 221-22, 237, 251-52, 254, 263, 266, 338, 348-50, 357, 404-05, 412, 416, 426, 429 17: 69, 181-82, 238, 282, 292-93, 334, 337, 402 18: 6, 8, 11, 14, 22, 28, 34, 65, 67-70, 101, 107, 148, 154, 175, 188, 192, 194, 228, 323-24, 335, 392, 427, 443, 451, 490-91, 499, 506, 546, 568, 570, 588, 592 19: 635-36, 668, 711, 753-54, 792, 837, 879, 1021, 1027 20: 7, 48-49, 60, 68, 99, 140, 305, 358, 363, 366, 384, 396, 429, 435, 448, 453-55, 458, 477, 485 21: 562, 616, 803, 834-35 22: 64, 69, 79, 92, 102-03, 109, 113, 116, 126, 130, 139, 178, 213, 251, 265, 274, 290, 300, 302, 306, 349 23: 608, 620, 759, 798, 952, 975, 1025, 1080 24: 1222, 1271, 1281, 1462, 1623, 1731 26: 33, 68, 85, 89, 105, 112, 114, 117, 125-26, 277-78, 293, 334, 336, 367 27: 105, 181-82, 205, 207, 209, 211, 224, 233, 236, 241, 257.267, 291, 299-305, 307-09, 313-15, 320, 322, 325-28, 338-39, 341-42, 344, 401, 424, 434, 456, 473 29:727, 815-16 1:8, 25, 37-39, 42-44, 57 II: 38, 60, 64-68, 76-77, 80 III: 66, 68 IV: 159, 161-64, 168-70, 176, 178, 180 V: 45-47, 50, 52, 58, 61-63, 72-73, 75-78, 84; 89, 94 VI: 155, 157, 160, 163, 169, 175-76, 179 VII: 54-56, 81 VIII: 156-57, 159-61, 165, 167-68, 179-81, 185 IX: 17, 21, 35 X: 111, 142 XI: 7, 15, 56 XII: 176 XIV: 119-20, 123-24,126-29, 131-32, 135-38, 141, 152, 155, 160, 164 XV: 3, 7, 9, 16, 18, 20-21, 26, 29, 32, 55 XVI: 132-35, 138, 143-44, 153-56, 172-73, 181, 183-87 XVII: 24-25, 27, 30, 32-41 XVIII: 154-58 XXII: 164

Upastuta (Varshtihavya) (Upastuta Varstihavya), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Vrstihavya. II: 427-29

Upen See Banerji, Upen(dranath)

Upendra In the Vedas, the supreme Lord Vishnu is Upendra, a younger Indra. "He is not inferior, he only subordinates himself, pretending to serve, while really by service he commands" (11:447), (A) Der: Upendratva II: 446-47 17: 257 22: 82 VI: 183

Upendra(nath) See Banerji, Upen(dranath)

Upper House See Lords, House of Ur an ancient southern Mesopotamian (Sumerian) city, the ruins of which are in southern Iraq, southeast of Babylon. (Enc.Br.) 26:340

Uranian in Greek religion, a title of Aphrodite, particularly of the Oriental manifestation of Aphrodite as goddess of the heavens, patroness of pure and heavenly love. See also Venus Ourania. (M.I.; Col. Enc.) 5:500

Uranus‘ in Greek religion, the sky-god, first ruler of the universe; he was son of Gaea, the earth-goddess, and father of the Titans, the Cyclopes (one-eyed giants), and the Hecatoncheires (hundred-handed friendly giants). (Col.Enc.;O.C.C.L.) Q 10:86, 448

Uranus2 In astronomy, the seventh planet in order of distance from the sun and the third largest of the planets of our solar system. It was discovered by the English astronomer Sir (Frederick) William Herschel (1738-1822) on 13 March 1781. As a consequence, the planet was for some time called Herschel (particularly in France). Herschel himself proposed "GeorgiumSidus" (in English, Georgian planet) as its name, after his sovereign patron King George III of England. This name "Georgian" appeared intermittently in England for more than 50 years. But even in the year of the planet’s discovery a German astronomer suggested Uranus, who in Roman mythology was the father of Saturn, who was in turn the father of Jupiter; and this name was eventually universally accepted. (Enc. Br., Macro, 18:1037) 17:259

Urdu one of the regional languages of India and the official language of Pakistan. Historically, Urdu is a language that evolved as the result of a necessity for carrying on exchange of ideas between the conquering Mohammedans who spoke Turki and Persian and the conquered Indians who spoke mostly Hindi. "Urdu" is a Turki word meaning "camp", and Urdu was indeed originally a camp language and contains words taken from Persian, Turki, and Hindi. Its script is Persian which is written from right to left, but its grammar and structure are Hindi in the main. Urdu is spoken in northern India mainly by the Mohammedans, but many Hindus are adept in it. It gradually developed a literature and has produced many famous poets, (D.I.H.) 9:437-38 14: 316 26: 290 III: 86 Ure a Liberal minister of Britain whose meetings were systematically interrupted and broken up by organised Conservative rowdyism towards the end of the year 1909. (A) 2:306-07 4:233

Uriu a character (probably imaginary) called the prince of the Asa, who participates in one of the "Conversations of the Dead" written by Sri Aurobindo. Uriu seems to be a worshipper of Tanyth, a mighty goddess of war. (A) 3:477-79

Urjoon(a) See Arjun(a)

Unnila a character – Princess of Mathura, daughter of Atry and Indrany – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Prince of Mathura. 7:891, 895-97

Urvasie in Hindu mythology, the most beautiful of the celestial nymphs, born from the thigh of Narayana; heroine of the drama Vikramorvasie. (Dow.;A) Der: Urvasiean 3:231, 240, 268, 270-74, 276-81, 283, 285-86, 288-90, 299-301, 306 5: 192, 195, 198-201, 204, 207-08, 210-12, 217, 219, 221, 226, 228 7: 909, 912-14, 916-25, 927, 933-45, 949, 951-52, 957-63, 965-71, 973-74, 976, 979-84, 986-90, 994, 997-1003, 1005-06, 1008 26: 503 27: 100, 152 X: 150, 152-56, 158, 163, 165, 167-68, 170, 173, 175-77

Urvasie’ title of two poems by Sri Aurobindo, one short (a fragment) and the other longer and complete. The longer version was first published for private circulation in or about 1896; the shorter one, written during the 1930s, was not published during Sri Aurobindo’s lifetime. 5: 119, 189 26: 254, 256-57, 264, 268, 298, 314 Urvasie‘ short name used by Sri Aurobindo for Kalidasa’s drama Vikramorvasie. 3: 261,

276, 282, 287, 290, 295,  323 X: 145, 158, 169, 174, 177

Uravisie a poem (1895) by Rabindranath Tagore. (A) 3:270

Usha1 in the Veda, the daughter of Heaven and sister of the Adityas; the divine Dawn, the bringer of illumination; also called Ahana and Dyotana. See also Dawn. (A; Dow.) 4: 28 5: 189, 543-44 10: 4, 19, 42, 56, 68, 120-21, 126-29, 136, 155, 159, 163-64, 167, 186, 206, 235-36, 238, 271, 283, 299, 432, 436, 524-28 (Dawn) 11: 468, 494 18: 1 I: 17 IV: 132 V: 20-21 VII: 38 XVI: 143 XVII: 45

Usha2 in the Puranas, a Daitya princess, daughter of Banasura. She fell in love with ANIRUDDHA whom she saw in a dream. Her companion, Chitralekha, by her magic power, brought Aniruddha to Usha, and the two lived together secretly. Banasura, hearing of Aniruddha’s presence in the palace, took him prisoner. Krishna, Pradyumna, and Balaram went to his rescue, overpowered Banasura and brought Aniruddha, with his wife Usha, back to Dwarka. (Dow.;M.N.) 4: pre.

Usha3 a friend or relative of Sri Aurobindo to whom he gave some money when he was in the service of the state of Baroda. She was in close touch with his wife Mrinalini. (A) 4:318, 320

Usha-Haran Kabya a long narrative poem in Bengali composed by Sri Aurobindo at Baroda around 1894. It is based on the Puranic story of Usha and Aniruddha (see Usha2) and inspired perhaps by Michael Madhusudan. Only a few lines of the poem were found till 1972, and they were published on pages 7 and 8 of Writings in Bengali, Vol. 4 of the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library. Some years later, a sufficiently long manuscript of the epic was discovered in old papers. It is incomplete and has blank pages left in between at some places. However, it was published in parts in the Bengali monthly Srinvantu, and an English translation was brought out in book form under the title The Abduction of the Princess Usha (1980) by Sri Aurobindo Pathmandir of Calcutta. (A) Q 4: pre.

Ushana See Ushanas (Kavya)

Ushanas another name of Shukracharya, the greatest among the seer-poets of ancient India. (M.N.) 13: 151-52, 350, 425

Ushanas (Kavya) (Usanas Kavya), son of Kavi; a Vedic Rishi "of the heavenward desire that is born from the seer-knowledge" (10: 232). He is often mentioned in the Rig- veda, especially as associated with Kutsa and Indra. According to Vayu Purana, Ushanas Kavya is the same as Shukracharya (see Shukra). (A; V. Index; B.P.C.) Var: Ushana 10: 154, 232, 237, 461 11: 332, 368 II: 40, 45 XVIII: 177

Ushij in the Rig-veda, the mother of Kakshivat (see Kakshivan). According to a story told in the Puranas, she was a servant of the queen of Kalinga. The king desired his queen to submit to the embraces of the sage . Dirghatamas in order that he might father a son. The queen substituted her bondmaid Usij. The sage, cognisant of the deception, sanctified Usij, and fathered by her a son, Kaksivan. (Dow.) 10:522

Ushinars in the Aitareya Brahmana, the people UsTnaras are mentioned as dwelling in the "Middle Country". In the Mahabharata, Usinara is mentioned as a king of Kashi. (V. Index; M.N.) 3: 289 X: 175

Ustie (Asti), in the Mahabharata, daughter of Jarasandha and wife of Kansa. Prapthie, her sister, was also wife of Kansa. (M.N.) 8: 41

Uswins See As(h)wins

Uswattha See As(h)wattha

Utica (now called Utique) traditionally the oldest Phoenician settlement on the coast of North Africa, northwest of Carthage, located near the mouth of the Medjerda River in modern Tunisia. Cato the Younger, also known as Cato of Utica, committed suicide at Utica (see Cato2). (Enc. Br.) IX: 14

Utkila Katya (Utkila Katya), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Kata. 11: 136

Utopia a name, taken from a Greek word meaning "nowhere", used by Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) in 1516 as the title of a book dealing with a mythical island in the South Pacific on which was situated an ideal society. Since then it denotes any ideal or fanciful society (or ideally perfect place or state of things). (Pears; C.O.D.) Der: Utopian; Utopist; Utopianism 1: 493, 703-04, 860, 867 9: 549 12: 487 14: 26 15: 432, 435, 439, 444 27: 284

Uttamaujas in the Mahabharata, a PANCHALA warrior of great strength; he was a relation of the Pandavas. (M. N.; Dow.) 4: 75 8: 77

Uttara  mhe. Mahabharata, a king whoperished because he scorned and insulted a mightier one than he. (M.N.) 8: 57

Uttara Meru See Meru

Uttara Mimansa one of the six Darshanas, or systems of orthodox Hindu philosophy. It is attributed to Badarayanacharya (a name of Veda Vyasa), and is more commonly known as the Vedanta although this latter term strictly speaking includes both Uttaramimamsa and Purva-mimariisa (which is commonly known as the Mimamsa). (Dow.) 4: 46 13: 80 VIII: 183

Uttarpara a suburban town near Calcutta, where Sri Aurobindo delivered his famous speech on 30 May 1909, three and a half weeks after his acquittal and release in the Alipore Bomb Case. (I&G) 1: 837, 847, 858 2:1-2, 68, 417 4: 250, 301 26: 34, 37, 64, .68, 81 XVI: 194

Uttar Yogi a pseudonym of Sri Aurobindo, meaning "the yogi from the North", given as editor of the book Yogic Sadhan in all its four editions. Sri Aurobindo said that the name was "given to me because of a prediction made long ago by a famous Tamil yogi, that thirty years later (agreeing with the time of my arrival in Pondicherry) a yogi from the North would come as a fugitive to the South and practise there an integral yoga (Pooma Yoga)…. He gave three utterances as the mark by which this yogi could be recognised and all these were found in the letters to my wife". (A & R, XIX: 56) XIX: 56

V

Vaal Vaal River, northern headwater of the Orange River in South Africa. It rises at Sterkfontein Beacon near Breyten, south eastern Transvaal, and flows 750 miles to its confluence with the Orange near Douglas. (Enc.Br.) 1: 30

Vach Vac in the Rig-veda appears to be the  personification of speech; "the Goddess Speech eldest born of the world"; "the mother of the Vedas"; the expressive power of Aditi. In the Mahabharata and later mythology, Vac was identified with Saraswati. (A; Dow.) Var: Vak (a declined form) 2: 148 9:270 10:112 13:261 27:158 VII: 42 XVI: 173

Vacoola(valica) a character  a handmaid of Queen Dharinie  in Kalidasa’s drama Mdlavikagnimitram, partially translated by

community with its producers, agriculturists, craftsmen, artisans, merchants and traders. (Nowadays, with some exceptions, only the merchant class, and that too not everywhere, is ranked as Vaishya or Vaniya). Sri Aurobindo has used the term Vaishya also for the trading community of other countries. (A) Var: Vyshya Der: Vaishyam; Vaishyashakti 1: 237, 537, 632 2:11-12 3:452 4:58, 268 5:85 8:54 11:451-52 13, 321, 492-93, 498, 505 14:111, 189, 324, 349-51, 353, 355 15:5, 7-8, 117, 151, 269, 463-64, 583, 627 17: 121, 211 21:714 23: 675 26: 129 27: 359-60, 362, 452 II: 61, 66 111:5, 8, 14 XV: 73 XVIII: 136 XIX: 5-7

Vaivaswata Manu See Manu(s)

Vaja(s) the youngest of the three RIBHUS, the Plenitude. (A) 10:326-27, 330

Vajasaneyi a name of the Isha Upanishad, because it occurs in the Vajasaneyi Samhita of the Shukia (White) Yajur-veda. (Dow.) 12: 393

Vajashravasa Vajasravasa, descendant of Vajasravas; patronymic of Nachiketas. (V. Index) 12:237

Vak See Vach

Vala in the Veda, the chief of the Panis (lords of the lower sense mentality), the enemy who keeps for himself the Light; the personification of the sub-conscient. (V.G.; I & G) Var: Bala Der: Balabhid (one who has pierced Bala) 4: 22 10: 44, 88, 120, 122, 134, 137-38, 140-41, 148-49, 159, 161, 170, 172, 174, 177, 182-83, 187, 219-21, 223, 232-33, 250, 304, 309-10, 511, 534 11:17.29 VIII: 147 XV: 49, 56 XVI: 131 XVII: 45, 58-59 XIX: 54

Valahan slayer of VALA ; an epithet of Indra. (A) 10:88

Valarus in Sri Aurobindo’s //("on, one of Penthesilea’s captains; a son of Supaures. He was sent by Penthesilea to slay Achilles and his men who were coming to the rescue of the routed Hellenes. Valarus was killed by Echemus and Ascanus. (M.I.) 5: 455, 516, 518-19

Valentine a proposed character  a courtier  mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Sri Aurobindo’s play The Witch ofllni. 7: 1057

Valery, Paul Ambroise (1871-1945), French poet, essayist and critic, whose work is notable for the range and subtlety of its views and sensibility of its language. (Enc. Br.) 9: .445, 475

Valhika SeeVahlika

Vali Vali (also written Bali), in the Ramayana, the monkey-king of Kiskindha. In a duel with his younger brother Sugriva, he was killed by Rama who had become a friend and ally of Sugriva. (M.W.; Dow.) Var: Bali 17:119 22:41-3, 415-16 XXII: 169

Valkyries in Norse mythology, maidens who served the god Odin and were sent by him to the battlefields to choose the slain who were worthy of a place in Valhalla, the Scandinavian equivalent of ELYSIUM. These foreboders of war rode to the battlefields on horses, wearing helmets and shields. (Enc. Br.; M.I.) n 5:457

Vallabhacharya (1479-1531), Hindu saint and philosopher who founded the devotional sect known as the Pusti-Marga (Way of Divine Grace). He was a devotee of Krishna. (Enc. Br.) 1: 646 14: 132

Vallabh Swami "the Indian EPICURUS"; probably Swami Vallabhacharya is meant. His followers in Bombay and Gujarat and their leaders are called the Epicureans of India. (A; M.W.) 3:32

Valmiki(e) celebrated Indian sage who is believed to have been the first poet (Adi-kavi), and the author of the great epic the Ramayana, which he in the Vedic sense of the word is said to have "seen". He himself is represented as taking part in some of the scenes he describes. He received the banished Sita into his hermitage at Chitrakuta, and educated her twin sons Lava and Kusha. The work of Valmiki has been an agent of almost incalculable power in the moulding of the cultural mind of India. The figures created by him have become objects of enduring cult and worship, as in the cases of Rama and Sita, or living human images of ethical ideals, as in the cases of Bharata, Lakshmana, and Hanuman. (D.I.H.; Dow; A) Var: Valmeki(e) Der: Valmikian 3: 106, 137, 148-50, 153-54, 156, 158-60, 163-66, 174-76, 185, 187, 201, 213, 217-21, 223, 227, 229, 237, 243, 253, 276, 285, 295, 297, 322 4: 14 5:331 9: 30, 36, 76-77, 150, 206, 310, 334, 381, 521-23 14: 197, 236, 290, 320 17: 69, 103, 182, 383 22: 413-15, 417-19 26: 226, 234 27: 81, 98-99, 104, 154, 248 29: 739 I: 27 III: 14, 19 X: 145, 158, 173 XI: 15 Valois the royal house of France which ruled from 1328 to 1589. The Valois kings continued the work of unifying France and centralizing royal power begun under their predecessors, the Capetians (see Capet(s)). (Enc. Br.) 16: 324

Vamadeva (Gautama) a Vedic Rishi, son or descendant of Gotama. He is the author of all but three of the hymns of the 4th Man dalaoftheRig-veda. a 9:207 10:55, 97-103, 106-08, 112, 127, 143, 161, 185, 190-91, 195-97, 296-99, 306, 313, 317, 320, 323, 342, 446 11:5-6, 161, 465, 477, 488 12: 362 14: 267 18: 1 VI: 144 XIV: 133

Varna Marga one of the two forms of worship in Tantra, the "left-hand" path. It is addressed to the fierce forms of the Shakti. Its spiritual discipline involves ritualized sensory experiences. The followers of this Marga (Path) are known as Vamacaris. (Dow.;Enc.Br.) n 16:336 20:37

Vamana the Dwarf, in Hindu mythology, one of the ten incarnations of Vishnu, born as a son of Kashyapa and Aditi. The titan King Bali had by his austerities acquired dominion of all the three worlds. To remedy this, Vishnu came to him in the form of a dwarf and begged of him as much land as he could step over in three paces. Bali complied. In two strides the dwarf covered heaven and earth, and with the third step, on Bali’s head, pushed him down to Patala, the infernal regions. (Dow.) 4:114 13:157, 161

Vanara the second type from below of the ten forms of consciousness in the evolutionary scale of man. The Vanara is not the animal Ape, but man with the Ape nature. In this stage the mind of man is concentrated ontheprana. (A) VI: 183-84, 189, 193

Vandal (member) of a Germanic race that ravaged Gaul, Spain, North Africa, and Rome, destroying many books and works of art in the 5th century AD. Its name has remained a synonym for wilful desecration or destruction. (C.O.D.; Enc. Br.) a 15:79 17: 277 V: 95

Vande Mataram See Bande Mataram

The Vanity of Human Wishes a didactic poem by Samuel Johnson, his longest and best poem, published in 1749. (Ox. Comp.; Enc. Br.) II: 16

Vanga (Vangah), name of the people of Vanga, one of the five divisions of Gauda (Bengal) made by Vallalasena, who ruled from 1159 to 1179 (see Bengal). XVIII: 136

Vaniya See Vaishya

Varaha the Boar; in Hindu mythology, the third of the ten incarnations of Vishnu. To recover the earth

which had been dragged down to the bottom of the ocean by a demon named Hiranyaksa, Vishnu assumed the form of a boar and, after a contest lasting a thousand years, slew the demon and brought the earth up, lifting it on his tusks. (Dow.) D XIV: 119

Varahamihira (505-87), Indian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician; author of Panca Siddhantika, "Five Treatises", a compendium of all astronomy known at that time. His knowledge of Western astronomy was thorough. In his book he displays a knowledge of Greek, Egyptian, and Roman astronomy. Tradition places him as one of the nine "gems" at the court of Vikramaditya. His Vrhat Samhita is a well-known technical treatise on astrology. (Enc. Br.; Apte;M.W.) 17:193

Varendra name of a place in Rajshahi district of the former province of Bengal (now in Bangladesh). See also Bengal ("five Bengals") 17: 301

Varma, Ravi See Ravivarma, Raja

Varouna See Varuna

Varshneya (Varsneya), an epithet of Krishna (descendant of Vrsni  see Vrishny). 0 [Indexed with Krishna]

Vartabaha a journal of Rangpur (now in Bangladesh), a 1: 744 Varuna1 one of the oldest of the Vedic deities. Lord ofWideness, who represents the ethereal purity and oceanic wideness of the infinite Truth. He is often associated with Mitra, he being the ruler of night and Mitra of the day. In later times Varuna was chief among the lower celestial deities called Adityas. Later still, in the Puranas, he became the sovereign of the waters, a god of the seas and rivers, which character he still retains. (Dow.; V. G.) Var: Varouna Der: Varunian 3: 278 4: 22, 36-39 5: 301, 545 8: 31, 129 10: 19, 27, 53, 64-66, 69-73, 86, 106, 154, 159, 181-82, 197, 238, 257, 271, 282, 286, 289-90, 326, 329, 335, 342, 370, 377, 404, 415, 425, 427-28, 432, 437-40, 442-73, 475, 477, 479-81, 483-88, 521, 531-36 11: 10, 22, 31, 46, 61, 81, 116-17, 119, 135, 143, 161-62, 165, 167, 172, 178, 193, 206, 213, 240, 252, 266, 309, 323, 325, 329, 335, 362, 391-92, 396, 405-06, 412, 445, 466, 470, 494 12: 317, 326, 337-40, 472-73 13: 349, 374 15: 234, 596 16: 254, 297, 337 17:85, 257, 342 18:6 19:743, 889 22:390 27: 158 IV: 139-40 V: 5, 9, 26, 68 VI: 148-49 VII: 32 X: 159, 179-80 XIII: 54, 61 XIV: 108, 110, 114, 130 XV: 13-15, 21, 28, 44-52 XVI: 137, 143, 166, 176 XVII: 14, 45

Varuna2 name of a Rishi mentioned in the Rig-veda (10.124.1, 5-9); father of Bhrigu. a VII: 59, 71 VIII: 180

Varunani Gauri and Varunani were the principal consorts of the god Varuna. (Pur. Enc.) D XV: 29 Varuni(e) (Varuni), in Hindu mythology, daughter of Varuna and the goddess of wine. She is said to have emerged from the waters as a result of the churning of the Milky Ocean. (Dow.;M.N.) 3:278 5:199 7: 951 X: 159

Vasantasena heroine of the drama Mrcchakat.ika, "TOY CART", written by King Sudraka. (Dow.) Var: Vasuntsena 3:297 X: 161

Vasavadutta a character  daughter of Chunda Mahasegn and Ungarica  in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasavadutta, a dramatic romance based on a fable taken from Somadeva’s Kathdsaritsagara. (A) Var:

Vasavadatta 6:207, 214-15, 219, 250, 252-55, 259-70, 273-81, 283-99, 301-03, 305, 307-09, 311, 313, 315, 317-18, 320, 322, 324, 328-29 7: 748

Vasis(h)tha (Maitravaruni) a celebrated Vedic sage, one of the seven great Rishis. He is also classed among the Prajapatis who sprang from Brahma. But a hymn in the Rig-veda and the commentaries thereon assign him a different origin, or rather a second birth; they represent him to have sprung from Mitra and Varuna (hence his patronymic "Maitravaruni"). Vasishthais said to have been the family priest of Ikshwaku and his descendants down to the sixty-first generation. There was a special rivalry and enmity between him and the sage VISHWAMITRA. (Dow.) Var: Vasishta Der: Vasishthas (Vasisthas, descendants of Vasistha) 4:17-18, 24, 26, 29 10:13, 54-55, 105-06, 108, 112, 121, 128-30, 144, 180, 187, 189.206, 217, 451-52, 464 11: 287, 303, 305-06, 309, 430, 433 13: 39 17: 95 22: 333 XIV: 108-09, 133

Vasouluxmy See Vasuluxmie

Vasu See Vasu(s)

Vasudeva1 (Vasudeva), in the Mahabharata, son of Siirasena in the Yadava branch of the Lunar race. He was the father of Krishna; and Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas, was Vasudeva’s sister. (Dow.) n VI: 137

Vasudeva2 (Vasudeva), a name of Krishna (son of Vasudeva); the omnipresent Being, the eternal Being. (A) l-i (Indexed with Krishna]

Vasudeva, Poundrian See Poundrian Vasudeva

Vasuki(e) m the Hindu mythology, king of the Nagas or serpents who live in Patala. He was used by the gods and Asuras as a rope wound round the mountain Mandara at the churning of the Ocean. (Dow.) Var: Vasuquie 3: 277 5: 252 13: 349 27: 159 X: 158-59

Vasukrit Vasukra (Vasukrt Vasukra), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Vasukra. 11: 396

Vasuluxmie a character  sister Of Queen Dharinie in Kalidasa’s drama Malavikagnimitram partially translated by Sri Aurobindo under the title Malavica and the King. Var: Vasouluxmy a 3: 287 8: 141 X: 120, 171

Vasuntha(ca) a character  King Vuthsa’s friend and companion  in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasavadutta. 6: 207, 217, 226-33, 236-39, 242-43, 299-302, 321

Vasuntsena See Vasantasena

Vasuquie See Vasuki(e)

Vasu(s) a class of Vedic deities, eight in number, chiefly known as attendants of Indra. They were originally personifications, like other Vedic deities, of natural phenomena. According to the Vishnu Purana, the Vasus are Apa (water), Dhruva (pole-star), Soma (moon), Dhava or Dhara (earth), Anila (wind), Anala (fire), Pratusa (dawn), and Prabhasa (light); but their names are variously given. (Dow.;M.W.) 10:107, 181-82, 188-89 11: 143, 300, 494 12: 258 13:349 111:48, 50 XIII: 62 XIV: 110 XVI: 133, 144 XVII: 35

Vasushruta a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri. (B.P.C.) D 11:206 Vasuyus name of several Vedic Rishis, descendants of Atri. a ll: 237

Vatal Vatel (fl. 17th cent.), a French cook, famous in the time of Louis XIV. (Col. Enc.) 14: 66

Vatsa Agneya (Vatsa Agneya), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Agni. 11:434

Vatsa (Kanwa) (Vatsa Kanva), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Kanva. 11:321-22

Vatsapri Bhalandana (Vatsapri Bhalandana), a Vedic Rishi, son of Bhalandana. 11: 400

Vauban Sebastien Ie Prestre de Vauban (1633-1707), French military engineer who revolutionized the art of siegecraft and defensive fortification in the context of firearms. (Enc. Br.) 14:66

Vavri a VedicRishi, descendant of Atri. 11:231

Vayu (Vayu), the wind-god, in the Vedic system the master of Life, inspirer of that Breath or Dynamic energy called Prana, which is represented in man by the vital and nervous activities. He is often associated with Indra riding in the same chariot with him. There are not many Vedic hymns addressed to him. In later mythology, Vayu is the reputed father of Hanuman and Bhima. (Dow.;V.G.) Var: Vaiou 4: 37-38, 43 10: 48, 65, 68-70, 72-73, 80, 86, 162, 165, 213, 256, 294-95, 297-302, 335-36, 406, 438, 534 11: 22, 32, 44-45, 300, 445, 494 12: 64, 67, 130, 149-50, 158, 160, 217-19, 262, 317, 322, 326, 471 13:374 14:180 16:350 17:342 18: 324 22: 390 27: 158, 334-35 V: 68 VII: 39 IX: 11 XIII: 61 XV: 6, 13, 20, 44, 52 XVII: 14, 33, 45

Veda The Vedas are the oldest holy books of India, perhaps the oldest of such works in the world. They are the foundation of the Hindu religion. The hymns they contain, written in an old form of Sanskrit, are said to have been "revealed" to the Rishis, and subsequently were transmitted orally from generation to generation. They continued to be so handed down even after they had been collected and arranged by Krishna Dwaipayana (Veda Vyasa). It is not known when they were committed to writing. The Vedas are four in number: Rig, Yajur, Sdma, and Atharva. In reality the Rig-veda is the Veda; many of its hymns occur with a different arrangement in the other three Vedas. According to some scholars, each Veda is divided into four parts: Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka, and Upanisad. But generally the term "Veda" is reserved for the Samhita, the metrical hymns. (Dow.) Der: Vedavada; Vedavadin; Vedic; Vedicism; Vedism; Vedist. 1:513-14, 799 2:7, 19, 353-54 3:4, 91, 105, 116-17, 142, 146, 162, 199, 461 4: pre., 17, 21-30, 36, 43-46, 53-54, 113, 128, 251-52, 373 5: 78, 191, 201, 209, 217, 222, 368, 579 8: 9, 56, 82, 89, 128, 383, 399, 405 9: 8, 18-19, 29, 42, 106, 114, 166, 190, 195, 199-201, 204-05, 208, 220-22, 235-36, 245, 269-70, 279, 322, 339-40, 360, 510 10: passim 11: 1-21, 23-26, 29-30, 34-35, 76, 163, 172, 238, 243, 439, 441, 443, 445-49, 452, 454-56, 459-60, 462, 465-88, 492, 496-99 12: 24, 38, 53, 59, 63-65, 67-68, 71, 82, 85-86, 88, 96, 121, 124, 130, 133-35, 151, 159, 165, 168, 170-71, 177, 199, 202-03, 209, 217, 225-26, 231-32, 247, 271, 273, 275, 286, 319, 321, 324-25, 334-36, 343, 369, 373, 381, 387, 393, 397-98, 400, 408, 410, 441-42, 447, 455, 458-59, 478, 520-22, 532 13: 2, 7, 9, 18, 78, 80-86, 92, ’95, 102-06, 108-10, 112, 129, 145, 163, 261,

314, 316-17, 333, 350, 380, 398, 429, 432-33, 462, 474-75, 495, 497 14: 17, 20, 68, 80, 99, 110, 115, 125, 129, 131, 134, 136-37, 141:48, 150-54, 157, 159, 163, 166, 170, 180, 185, 188, 233, 256, 258-63, 265-69, 271-72, 274-76, 280, 282-87, 291, 311-13, 316, 324, 326, 347-48, 358, 364, 367, 371, 407, 418-19 15: 3-5, 159, 240, 253, 339, 545 16: 23, 127, 167, 228-29, 255, 260, 263, 271, 283-84, 297, 324-25, 328, 335, 337, 339, 343, 349, 352, 360, 364-65, 369-70, 404, 412, 419-20 17: 50, 62, 99, 122-23, 172, 272, 278, 292-93, 297, 305, 334-43, 350, 369, 393-94, 397, 402 18: 13-14, 34, 48, 69, 109, 115, 124-25, 136, 153, 155, 172, 252, 257- 264, 267, 277, 280, 323, 396, 483, 485, 490, 603 19: 687-88, 915, 934 20: 38, 42, 47, 49-50, 55, 87, 123, 125, 256, 310, 372, 382, 400, 429, 446, 454, 461-62, 465, 467, 483 21: 558, 570, 572, 706, 747, 805 22: 1-3, 64, 73, 79, 82, 92, 96, 102-03, 110-11, 158, 178, 215, 243, 265, 364, 393, 395, 443 23: 749, 908, 910, 954, 967, 971, 973, 985 24: 1236, 1735 25: 77, 384, 390 26: 12, 19, 68, 112, 134, 231, 243, 265, 277, 415, 425, 483 27: 93, 143, 152, 161, 163, 166, 170-71, 179-84, 187, 192, 211, 233, 252, 256, 270, 272, 281, 299-300, 302-03, 305, 313, 325, 334-35, 338, 355, 369, 399, 408, 424, 433-34, 437, 440, 456, 511 28:74 29:739, 745, 789, 806 1:5, 8, 28, 31, 57 11:37, 67-68 111:55-56 IV: 125-31, 133-34, 140-41, 143, 146-47, 149, 151, 153, 178 V: 19, 36, 39, 42, 51, 55, 58, 60.67-68, 71, 75-76, 89, 94 VI: 127, 131, 137, 155-56, 169, 173, 175-77 VII: 39, 42, 59, 63, 66, 68, 71, 74, 76 VIII: 155, 164-71, 176, 178, 180-83, 186, 194 IX: 5-7, 9, 21, 24, 26 XI: 35 XII: 126, 151 XIII: 9, 38 XIV: 116-33, 135, 137, 141-43, 146-50, 153, 156-57, 159-60, 164 XV: 3-29, 31-33, 35-36, 38, 40-41, 43-52, 55 XVI: 132-79, 186 XVII: 12, 14-38, 40-48, 50, 52-56, 58-60, 70 XVIII: 150, 152-54, 156-59, 161-68 XIX: 80 XX: 117 XXI: 5, 7, 11, 17, 21, 30, 39

Vedangas branches of study regarded as auxiliary to the Vedas. These Sad-angas or six subjects necessary to be studied for the reading, understanding, and proper sacrificial employment of the Vedas are: (1) Siksa (phonetics, or pronunciation); (2) Chandas (metre); (3) Vyakarana (grammar); (4) Nirukta (etymology or glossary); (5) Jyotisa (astronomy); (6) Kalpa (ceremonial, or rules for applying the Vedas to the performance of sacrifice). (Enc. Br.; Dow.) D 11:7

Vedanta "end or culmination of the Veda": the ultimate and highest knowledge and fulfilment towards which the practices and strivings of the Vedic Rishis mounted, extricated from the voluminous mass of the

 Vedic poems and presented according to the inner realisation of great Rishis like Yajnavalkya and Janaka in a more modern style and language. Vedanta is one of the six Darshanas (or systems of orthodox Hindu philosophy), a school of philosophy based on the Upanishads. Purva-mimdmsd and Uttara-mimdfhsd are both included in the general term Vedanta, but only the latter is commonly known as Vedanta, and is mainly based on the Brahma-sutras by the 2nd- century writer Badarayana. There are many systems of the Vedanta philosophy, depending upon different interpretations of the Upanishads. (I&G;Dow.;A&R, XVII: 32) Der: Vedantic; Vedantin; Vedantised;Vedantism;Vedanticity : 67, 70, 122, 143, 514, 534, 602, 626, 714, 758, 902-03 2: 7, 13, 19-20, 29-30, 39, 42, 106, 148, 174, 212, 259, 396, 425-26 3: 116-17, 148, 162, 170-71, 174, 214, 222, 343-44, 364, 386-87, 422, 458 4: 24, 38, 46, 127-28, 144, 171, 298-300, 312, 328 5: 49, 581 7: 911 9: 105, 201, 308, 334, 436, 541 10: 1, 6, 11, 13, 25, 33, 37, 42, 56, 60, 98, 139, 192, 198, 259, 274, 283, 338, 341, 546, 563 11: 16, 18, 21, 469-70, 499 12: pre., 2, 5, 7, 11, 14, 16, 18, 23, 25-27, 30-34, 36, 39-40, 44, 71, 96, 102, 118-20, 134, 136, 168, 175, 194, 209, 224-25, 231, 285, 382, 393, 397-98, 400, 407-08, 416, 425, 427, 440-41, 447, 452, 456, 461, 478, 489, 494, 498, 510, 517, 520, 523-24, 526, 528-30, 532, 534, 536-38 13: 5-8, 10-11, 55, 62-65, 69-72, 74-76, 78-80, 82-86, 97, 100, 104-05, 108, 112-13, 117, 138, 142-43, 147, 164, 189, 197-98, 203, 205, 224, 240-41, 254-55, 285, 326, 341, 383, 396, 399, 429-30, 432, 538 14: 11, 14-17, 37, 81, 98, 134-35, 146-47, 150-51, 154, 181, 199-200, 205, 233, 271-72, 276, 315, 319, 348, 380, 417-19 15: 4, 599 16: 90-93, 127, 263, 310, 335, 339, 341, 347-51, 368, 370 17: 44, 104, 117, 122-23, 153, 165-66, 172, 181, 183, 265, 269, 283, 291-92, 306-07, 401-02 18: 3, 14, 22, 24, 34, 43, 57-58, 60, 65-70, 73, 76, 78, 91-92, 95, 109, 114, 128, 148, 184, 259, 427, 490, 492. 504-06, 570 19: 635, 643, 668, 753-54, 780, 997 20: 21, 38, 125, 142, 257, 292, 327, 353, 365, 372, 399, 409, 429, 507 21: 586, 720 22: 5, 11, 32, 39, 41, 43, 46, 56-60, 62-64, 67-68, 72-73, 79-80, 90, 97, 113, 117-20, 150, 190, 210-11, 216, 266 23: 507, 510, 556-57, 657, 726, 769, 773, 1008, 1048, 1067, 1071 24: 1193, 1604, 1630 25: 53, 65 26:16, 79, 81, 104, 112, 114, 124, 132-33, 138, 257, 261, 354, 383, 460 27: 64, 182-84, 205, 218, 242, 247, 252-53, 264-65, 268-70, 292, 294-95, 299-302, 304, 309-10, 313-14, 318, 322, 324, 328, 333, 337-40, 399, 424, 430, 434, 439, 442-43, 450, 453-54, 456-60, 469, 472-73, 476-77 29: 753, 799 I: 5, 38, 45, 49-50 III: 14, 65-66, 69-72, 76-77 IV: 159, 161-63, 169-70, 172, 178 V: 46-48, 50, 53, 55-56, 59-61, 67-68, 72, 75-77, 79-80, 82-83, 88, 97 VI: 156-59, 164, 168-70, 175, 177, 180 VII: 2, 13, 41, 43-44, 47, 58-60, 62-63, 65, 70, 72-76, 78 VIII: 133, 156, 158-59, 163-64, 166, 168, 182, 184-85 IX: 13, 20, 24-26 XI: 7, 17, 36 XII: 140, 145, 148, 150-51, 176 XIII: 24, 27, 36 XIV: 118, 120, 123-26, 128-31, 133, 137, 139, 141-46, 150, 152, 154-55, 159, 164 XV: 3, 6-16, 18-19, 23-26, 33-34, 37-38, 46-47 XVI: 132, 134-35, 139-40, 142, 144, 153, 155, 172, 180-84, 188 XVII: 9-10, 17, 23-24, 27-29, 32-35, 37-38, 40, 54, 59 XVIII: 154-58, 161, 165, 167, 186-88 XIX: 57, 69 XXI: 39

Vedanta Sutra(s) See Brahma-sutras.

Vedaranya A slip has obviously occurred here (27: 322). It was VIDYARANYA who excluded the Ishopanishad from his list of authoritative Upanishads. Sri Aurobindo himself said this in an article (in Bengali) on the Isha Upanishad (see 4:47). There was no one named Vedaranya among the known followers of Shankaracharya. 1-1 27: 322

Veda Vyasa See Vyas(a)

Veena a character  perhaps a handmaiden in the royal chamber  in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasavadutta. 6: 251

Vega Lope Felix de Vega Carpio (1562-1635), an outstanding dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age. (Enc. Br.) 7:825

Velasquez or Velazquez (full name: Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez) (1599- 1660), most famous painter of the Spanish school. (Col. Enc.) D 7:840, 854, 862

Veljee Veiji Meghji (1883- ? ), a disciple Of Sri Aurobindo, who lived in the Ashram from 1932 to 1940. He came from Cutch. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Vena In the Veda, Vena is Soma; the master of mental delight of existence, creator of the sense-mind. See also Soma. (A) n 10: 99

Vena(s) name of a clan of divine beings (who along with the Gandharvas presumably correspond to the Hebraic Cherubim). [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Venice capital of Venezia province and of Veneto region in northeastern Italy, built on 118 alluvial islets within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice (northern end of the Adriatic Sea) as well as on the mainland about the lagoon’s perimeter. Between the islets run 160 canals, mostly very narrow, crossed by hundreds of bridges. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Der: Venetian 14: 203, 349 15: 338 22: 454

Venkata Hill Venkatagiri, a hill (giri) in Tamil Nadu. (S.Atlas) 8:404

Venkataraman K. S. Venkataraman (b. 1890; d. early 1970s), a disciple of Sri Aurobindo, who first came to the Ashram in 1917 and joined it as an inmate in 1928. (B.G.) VII: 83 XII: 156

Venumani son of a well-to-do Indian Christian staying in the house behind Sri Aurobindo’s house (Guest House). [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Venus’ in astronomy, the planet whose orbit lies between those of Mercury and Earth, second in order from the Sun. Other than the sun and the moon, it is ordinarily the brightest object in the sky. It is known as SHUKRA in Hindu astronomy. (Col. Enc.) 3: 43 17: 259

Venus2 in ancient Roman religion, a goddess of vegetation. Later, in 3rd century BC, she became identified with the Greek Aphrodite, the goddess of love, beauty and fertility. (Enc. Br.) 2: 73 5: 32 7: 830, 876, 1065 10: 352

Venus Anadyomene Venus, one with Anadyomene. The Roman goddess Venus was identified with the Greek Aphrodite (see Venus2) who was known as Anadyomene in her aspect of rising from the sea. Varunie of Hindu mythology also sprang from the sea (Milky Ocean), hence Sri Aurobindo calls her Venus Anadyomene. (The story of Aphrodite rising from the sea is as follows: the Titan Cronus, in response to the appeal of Gaea, castrated Uranus with a scimitar as he approached Gaea. From the drops of blood that fell upon her were born the Erinnyes, the Giants, and the ash-tree nymphs called the Meliai. The severed genitals floated on the sea, producing a white foam from which sprang the goddess of love, Aphrodite.) (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) 3: 278 X: 159

Venus and Adonis an earlier work (1593) of Shakespeare; it is one of the two narrative poems ascribed to him, and was dedicated by him to his patron. Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. (Col. Enc.) 3:252

Venus Ourania (Ourania is the Greek form of Uranian), the goddess of pure and heavenly love. Uranian was a title of Aphrodite who, according to Hesiod, sprang from the seed of Uranus, the sky-god. Since the Roman goddess Venus became identified with Aphrodite (see Venus2), the title of the latter, Ourania or Uranian, has been appended to the name of Venus as well. There is some linguistic and other relation between Uranus (from whom "Uranian" comes) and the Indian god Varuna. Varunie was the daughter of Varuna; Sri Aurobindo, therefore, calls her Venus Ourania. (Ox. Comp.; Pears;  Dow.) 3:278

Veriaine, Paul (1844-96), among the most gifted of the French lyric poets of the later 19th century. He gained notice with his Parnassian poetry, and became a well-known figure in the Bohemian literary circles of Paris. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 9:96, 107, 422, 445, 475, 510 26: 277

Vernon a character participating in "A Dialogue", written by Sri Aurobindo in 1891 or thereabouts. (A & R, II: 91) a II: 7

Verona episcopal see and capital of Verona province, Veneto, northern Italy, west of Venice. It is, in northern Italy, one of the richest cities in Roman ruins, of which the most notable is the Arena, now used for opera. (Enc. Br.) 1-1 III: 24

Verosegn See Virasena

Vers I’Avenir a play (in French) written by the Mother of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry. 26: 508

Vibhishan(a) in the Ramayana, a younger brother of Ravana. He was upright and opposed to the depredations of his fellow Rakshasas. When he sagely advised Ravana to return Sita to Rama, Ravana grew furious and kicked him from his seat. Vibhisana then allied himself with Rama, who received and embraced him as a friend. After the defeat and death of Ravana, Vibhishana was installed by Rama on the throne of Lanka. The term Vibhishana has come to be used as a nickname for one who, secretly or openly, sympathises with, helps, or becomes an ally of an adversary or enemy. (Dow.) Var: Bibhishan 2: 60, 75, 80, 238 22: 416

Vibhu or Vibhwa "the Pervading", "the Self-diffusing"; in the Veda, one of the three RIBHUS, the second in the order of their birth. (A) 10: 326-27, 330

Vichitravirya in the Mahabharata, the younger son of King Santanu by Satyavati. He succeeded to the throne when his elder brother Citrangada was killed in battle. As he died prematurely of consumption, his sons Dhritarashtra and Pandu were brought up by Bhishma, his half-brother. (M.N.; Dow.) 3: 190, 199 13: 13