-23_Glossary and Index Page 274 to 289.htm

Roumano-Bulgarian tension the international conflict which began when Roumania, as a price for having remained neutral in the First Balkan War (1912), demanded from the Bulgarians a part of the Dobruja. Bulgaria was reluctant to accept Russian arbitration. The tension continued and ultimately led to Roumania attacking Bulgaria and occupying the Dobruja. (Enc. Br., Macro. Vol. 2, p. 630)  XXII: 132

Roupnaraian, King See Shiva Singh (Rupnaraian)

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-78), French philosopher and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation. His influence was equally strong in the fields of politics, literature, and edu- cation. Men as diverse as Kant, Goethe, Robespierre, Pestalozzi, and Leo Tolstoy were his disciples. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  1: 862 3: 29 9: 96.100 15: 1 16: 324 III: 10

Roy, Ananda Chandra (1844-1935), once leader of the Dacca Bar, played an impor- tant role in the events of 1905-06. He vehemently condemned the Partition of Bengal. His contribution to the Swadeshi movement was great and universally acknowledged. (D.N.B.; S.B.C.) Var: Ananda Chandra Ray; Ananda Babu  1: 135-36, 161 27: 6-9

Roy, Anilbaran (1890-1974), a professor of philosophy for seven years in Bengal, who subsequently felt a call for national work and actively participated in the Non-cooperation Movement of 1921. As a trusted lieutenant of C. R. Das, he soon became a leading figure in the political arena of Bengal. He was arrested and convicted in 1924. Mean- while he became profoundly impressed by the teachings of Sri Aurobindo and after his release in June 1926 he joined the Ashram. Having practised Sri Aurobindo’s Yoga for 40 years, he left the Ashram in 1966 to do, as he said, Sri Aurobindo’s political work. Anilbaran was a prolific writer and has written books in three languages, English, Bengali and Hindi. (D.N.B.)  8: 387 9: 435 (name abbreviated to "A")

Roy, Dilip Kumar (1897-1980), a well-known musician and vocalist who specialised in Dhrupad, Khayal, and devotional music;

also an author and a poet. He was son of Dwijendralal Roy, the famous Bengali dramatist, and a contemporary of Subhas Chandra Bose in college. Attracted by Sri Aurobindo, he came to the Ashram and was here from 1928 to 1952. During this period he was occasionally subject to fits of doubt, restiveness and even rebellion. A few years after leaving the Ashram, he settled at Pune and there built and maintained Hare Krishna Mandir. (Enc. Ind.; Mother-1; Auro-II)  8: 384-86 II: 33

Roy, Dinendra Kumar a Bengali litterateur who stayed with Sri Aurobindo at Baroda in 1898-99 in order to familiarise him with the Bengali language. Sri Aurobindo was not a pupil of Dinendra Kumar; he had learnt Bengali already by himself and only called in Dinendra to help him in his studies. (Purani;A) I-I 26: 11

Roy, Dwijendralal (1863-1913), celebrated Bengali playwright who wrote a variety of plays-musical, historical, devotional, comic, and romantic etc. Being a government ser- vant, he could not take an active part in the national movement, but he indirectly helped the national cause by writing patriotic songs and plays. Dwijendralal’s greatest contribution lies in three fields: satire, music and poetry, and drama. (D.N.B.)  8: 383

Roy, .Motilal (1882-1959), noted Bengali journalist, novelist, and author; he edited Prabartak for twenty-seven years. His field of activity was Chandernagore, his native town. He organised the Prabartak Sangh under the inspiration of Sri Aurobindo. Around 1921, however, he gradually drifted away from his former guru (see Prabartak Sangh). From Pondicherry Sri Aurobindo addressed him in his letters as "Dear M". (Enc. Br.; Purani; D.N.B.) Var: Moti Babu  26:60, 63, 71, 437 27: pre., 417. 426, 428, 431, 433, 436-37, 439-42, 445, 449, 455, 461-63, 468, 470, 473, 478, 482, 484-85, 495, 498 VII: 3-6, 10, 14-15, 17, 19, 23 XVI: 193 XXI: 32 XXII: 157

Roy, P. C. perhaps Pratap Chandra Rai (or Roi) (1841-95), a man who with great effort over twelve years brought out an English translation of the Mahabharata in eleven volumes. The translation was done by his learned friend Kishori Mohan Ganguly. Pratap Chandra devoted all his time, energy, and resources to its publication which was completed only after his death. (Mother-1; T.A.T.; S.B.C.)  3:201 .

Roy, Pratap Chandra one of the three Bengali leaders who had addressed the Poona public long before 13 January 1908 when Sri Aurobindo gave his speech there. Roy had preached the doctrines of the BrahmoSamaj. (A) 27:62

Roy, (Raja) Rammohan (1772-1833), well-known social and religious reformer of Bengal, advocate of Western education, and founder of the Brahmo Samaj. Pre-eminently a nationalist, his love of freedom and liberty knew no limitations of race, religion or region. He was a prolific writer who wielded a facile pen in Persian, English and Bengali. (D.I.H.) Var: Ray, —  1:172, 175, 314 3: 78, 95 4: 307 17: 334

Roy, Rajatanath one of the four members representing the Nationalists on the committee formed at the Hooghly Provincial Conference in 1909 to bring about unity in the Congress. (A)  4:191

Roy, Sasankajiban a person who attended the Bengal Provincial Conference of the Indian National Congress, held at Hooghly in September 1909, and seconded the resolu- tion (No. IV) regarding the boycott of foreign goods. (A)  XIV: 100

Roy Chaudhuri, Girija Shankar (1885-1965), a Bengali literary critic. He assisted C. R. Das in editing his journal Narayana. Among the collections of his articles that have been published, those on Sri Aurobindo, Swami Vivekananda, and Sister Nivedita are note- worthy. (A;S.B.C.)  26:56, 58, 60

Royd Street the police station of Royd Street in Calcutta. Royd Street now commences at 42, Mirza Galib Street. (Guide)  2:317 4:260

Ruani See Ruru

Rubaiyat The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, a collection of quatrains by the 11th-century Persian poet Omar Khayyam exalting sensual pleasure as the sole aim of living, translated into English by the Victorian poet Edward FitzGerald and first published in 1859. (Enc.Br.)  27:90 1:25

Rudrani the Shakti (female energy) of RUDRA. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Rudra(s) in the Veda, Rudra is the Divine as the master of our evolution by violence and battle, smiting and destroying the sons of Darkness and the evil they create in man. Rudra is the Vedic archetype of the later Puranic Shiva. The Rudras are a group of gods, in the Veda, sometimes identified with the MARUTS. Later, they are eleven (or thiry-thr, ee) minor deities led by Rudra (Shiva). (A;I&G;Dow.)

Der: Rudrahood; Rudrashakti  3: 3g4, 452 4: 30 5: 73-74, 77, 523, 531, 534, 545-46, 548 6:212 8:56, 130, 199, 366, 399 10:5, 207, 210, 256, 298, 333-37, 342, 438, 485-86 11: 3, 22, 33, 82, 143, 172, 207, 300, 307, 376, 432, 466, 494 12:39, 301, 369, 371, 421, 423-24 13: 38, 264, 349, 364, 366, 368, 372, 376, 413 14: 137, 222 15: 580, 596 16: 279 17: 85, 137, 262, 378, 384 21: 677, 699, 708-09 26: 196 27: 363 III: 34, 48, 66 IV: 174 V: 5, 9 VI: 183, 193 VII: 34 VIII: 150 XIII: 62 XIV: 111-12 XVI: 133-34, 144, 175 XVII: 35 XVIII: 144 XIX: 54 XXI: 30 XXII: 171

Ruffy, Henry author of the poem London Nocturne, published in the second number of the magazine Shama’a which was reviewed by Sri Aurobindo in Arya. (A)  17: 321

Ruins of Rome a didactic poem by John Dyer, combining description and meditation, published in 1740. (Enc. Br.; Ox. Comp.)  II: 12

Rukminie in the Mahabharata, daughter of Bhishmaka, king of Vidarbha. She fell in love with Krishna, but her brother opposed the marriage and she was betrothed to Shishupala. On the wedding day Krishna carried her away in his chariot. She became Krishna’s wife and gave birth to Pradyumna. (Dow.) Var: Rookminnie  7: 750 8: 30

Rumania See R(o)umania

Rumbha See Rambha

Rungpore See Rangpur

Runjit Singh See Ranjit Singh

Runnymede meadow in the county of Surrey, England, on the south bank of the Thames, twenty miles west of London, where King John granted the MAGNA CHARTA in 1215. (Enc.Br.) I: 22 III: 11

Rupam illustrated English quarterly journal of Oriental art, chiefly Indian, edited by . C. Ganguly and published from Calcutta by the Indian Society of Oriental Arts. (Cal. Lib.)  17: 300, 303, 313

Ruru grandson of Maharshi Chyavan and son of Pramati, born of an Apsara named Ghrtaci. The story of Ruru and his wife Pramadvara is told in the Mahabharata. The name Pramadvara was changed to Priyumvada by Sri Aurobindo in his poem Love and Death. (M.N.;A) Var: Ruaru  5: 231-32, 235-38,

240-41, 244, 246-53, 255-56, 258 12: 483 26: 264, 266-67, 269, 271-72, 312 27: 152-54, 156

Ruskin, John (1819-1900), English author, critic and artist who championed the Gothic Revival movement in architecture and the decorative arts and was the chief influence upon public taste in art in Victorian England. (Enc. Br.) 9: 134, 179 14: 228

Russell, Bertrand Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970), English logician and philosopher, one of the outstanding figures of 20th-century British philosophy, especially important for his work in mathematical logic. His lectures and writings had a wide popular appeal throughout the world. (Enc. Br.;

Col. Enc.) Der: Russellian; Russellite 9:551, 553-56 22:53, 163, 174, 413 23:577, 938 24: 1363 26: 165, 385-87, 468 XIII: 9

Russia name commonly applied to the whole vast area now forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In its political meaning, the term Russia applies only to the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic, the chief member of the Union, where Russian is the language of the majority. (Col. Enc.) See also Soviet Union. Der: Russian (in senses other than the language); Russianism; Out-Russias (verb)  1: 48, 58, 88, 92, 97-99, 259, 261, 269-71, 305, 330, 337-38, 350, 355, 360, 385-86, 402, 435, 448, 485, 507, 519, 525, 527, 542, 573, 580, 607-08, 791, 793, 814, 842 2: 33, 54, 78, 100, 118, 135, 139, 171, 192, 206, 236, 254, 256, 306, 333, 370, 374, 376, 378, 382 3: 193 4: 157, 168 9: 44, 105, 134 10: 565 12: 486, 500 14: 8, 11, 34, 78 15: 17, 26, 81, 192-93, 197, 205, 264, 289, 294-95, 299, 302, 316, 320, 322, 324, 327, 356-57, 375, 381, 413, 422, 445, 447, 449-50, 456-57, 470, 485, 487-88, 496, 500, 503-06, 509-10, 512-19, 529, 536-37, 559-60, 564, 566-67, 569, 585, 626-27, 641-42, 644, 646-47 17: 185, 317-20, 324, 386 22: 159, 205, 208-09 26: 233, 384, 388 27: 52, 122-23, 347, 466-67 XIII: 28, 45 XV: 5 XXI: 93-94

Russian (language) the major language of the U. S. S. R., and the mother tongue of over 80% of the inhabitants of the R.S.F.S.R. It is the official language throughout the Soviet Union. Speakers of Russian proper number at least 160 million. It is written in Cyrillic script. (Pears)  9: 105 15: 512 26: 233-34 29: 769

Russian Revolution’ of 1905, the uprising that, apparently, transformed the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. (Enc. Br.) Der: Russian Revolutionary (Committee) 2:254, 333

Russian Revolution2 of 1917, the series of events that began with the overthrow of the imperial regime and ended with the establishment of Bolshevik (Communist) rule in Russia. (Enc.Br.)  15:447, 449, 503, 506, 514, 537, 642 26: 388

Russo-Japanese (war) between Russia and Japan  l: 563 15: 585 17: 185

Ruth in the 8th book of the Old Testament, a Moabite widow. Her fidelity to her Jewish mother-in-law (Naomi) is told in a little story. The idyll is one of the most popular of scriptural stories. (Col. Enc.)  26:340

Ruth title of a poem by Wordsworth. (A)  9:122

Ruthenian The Ruthenian language is an East Slavic language spoken in the Ukranian S.S.R. and in some communities in other parts of the Soviet Union, Poland, and Czechoslovakia by more than 41 million people. It is written in a form of the Cyrillic alphabet, and was indistinguishable from Russian and Belorussian until the 12th or 13th century. Ruthenia is a historic name for an east central European region that for centuries belonged to the Hungarian crown before being incorporated as a province into Czechoslovakia (1920) and then being attached to the Soviet Union (1945). (Enc. Br.)  15:496, 512

Rutherford an Englishman and a friend of India. At the Surat session of the Congress in 1907 he tried hard to bring about a recon- ciliation between the Nationalists and the Moderates. (A & R, VII, p. 106)  1:863

Ruthie See Rathi

Ruttan a character – brother of Rao of Ichalgurh – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Prince of Edur.  7:739, 783-85, 790-91, 793-96, 799-801

RV.;R.V. SeeRig-veda

Ryevat Raivata or Raivataka, in the Maha- bharata, name of a mountain in Gujarat, near the modern Junagarh. It branches off from the western portion of the Vindhyas, and is now called Girnara. (Dow.; M.N.)  8:43

S

S; S. in the Record of Yoga S or S. usually stands for Saurin. In two or three places it stands for Srinivasachari.

 S.A See "Srinivasa; Achari".

Saar a region of western Europe, part of Germany on the French border. As a political unit it came into existence when the Treaty of Versailles (1919) made it an autonomous territory, administered by France under League of Nations’ super- vision, pending a plebiscite to be held in 1935. As a result of the plebiscite, Saar was restored to Germany. After World War II, the Allied powers agreed upon its economic attachment to France. Saar was reunited politically with the German Federal Republic on 1 January 1957 as a "Land". (Col. Enc.; Pears)  15:625

Sabines ancient Italic tribe located in the mountainous country east of the Tiber River. They were known for their religious practices and beliefs. The story recounted by Plutarch that Romulus, the founder of Rome, invited the Sabines to a feast and then kidnapped their daughters is legendary. (Enc. Br.)  2:399

Sachi (Saci), in Hindu mythology, wife of Indra (hence also called Indrani), and daughter of the Asura Puloman, whence her patronymic Paulomi. (Dow.) a 8:32 13:19 27: 158 XV: 29

Sachin atowninthestateofGujarat (formerly in the Bombay Presidency), between Surat and Navsari. (S.Atlas) a 1:196

Sachindra See Sen, Sachindra

Sacred Books of the East a series (in fifty-one volumes published from 1879 to 1904) of translations of important Oriental non- Christian religious writings, edited by Max Miiller. (Enc. Br.)  12:53-54

The Sacrifice of the Sikh title, translated into English, of the Bengali booklet Sikher Balidan written by Kumudini Mitra {See Mitra, Kumudini). It was intended to teach the lesson of martyrdom to young Bengal. (A)  XV: 62-63

Sada Sada Oudiyar, a Tamil Christian and a supervisor of the jail at Pondicherry around 1914. Sri Aurobindo, in one of his rare visits outside his house after 1913, attended Oudiyar’s marriage. (Purani; C.W.N., p.414)  27:449

Sadananda Sadananda Yogindra Saraswati (fl. c. middle of 15th cent.), the author of Veddntasdra. He belonged to the "Saraswati" order, one of the ten orders of Sannyasins of Shankara’s school, which has the reputation of producing some of the most eminent Vedantic scholars. (Ved. S.)  12:440

Sadashiv Rao Bhao See Bhao, Sadashiv Rao

Sadducee a priestly sect of Jews of the time of Jesus, which flourished for about two centuries before the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem in A 70. It was drawn largely from the upper classes, especially of the city. The Sadducees accep- ted only the five books of the Law (the first books of the Old Testament) and rejected all they thought was not taught therein, e.g. immortality and the resurrection. They also denied the existence of demons and angels. The Sadducees and the PHARISEES were in constant conflict. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)’  17:163

Sadghanaloka World of dense existence. (I&G)  17:30

Sadhyadeva the third highest of the ten forms of consciousness in the evolutionary scale of man; the Supreme Rakshasa, who raises mind to the Ananda. (A; A & R, VI: 209)  VI:184

Sadi Muslih-ud-Din Sadi (c. 1213-1292), one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature, and to many, the most typical and lovable writer in the world of Iranian cul- ture. His principal works are the collections known as Gulistan or "Rose-garden" and Bustdn or "Tree-garden". (Enc. Br.; Ox. Comp.)  1:25

Sagar Gangasagara, the mouth of the River Ganga; a holy bathing-place for the Hindus, sacred to Vishnu. (Dow.)  1:23

Sagar Sangit Bengali poems by C. R. Das, translated by Sri Aurobindo under the title "Songs of the Sea". (A) 8:357 26:252

Sahadave (Sahadeva), in the Mahabharata, son ofjarasandha. He had two younger sisters, Asti and Prapti {see Ustie and Prapthie), who were married to Kansa. (M.N.)  8:41

Sahadev (Sahadeva), in the Mahabharata. the youngest of the five Pandavas, twin son of Madrie, the second wife of Pandu. He was learned in the science of astronomy and also well acquainted with the management of cattle. (Dow.)  4:77 8:35, 77

Sahadeva an ancient king of the Vedic times, son of Srnjaya.  11:196-97

Sahajanya a character – a nymph of heaven, companion of Urvasie – in Kalidasa’s play Vikramorvasie.  3:282 7:909, 913-14, 916, 920, 973-75 X: 169

Sahana (1897- ), a Bengali poetess, and a singer of Rabindra-sangeet. She joined the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in November 1928, and has been for a long time in-charge of the Tailoring Department (Ladies’ Garments Section). Sahana was in regular corres- pondence with Sri Aurobindo from 1932 to November 1938. Her letters were addressed to the Mother, but they were answered by Sri Aurobindo. (B.G.)  8:390

Sahara a desert in North Africa, the largest tropical desert on the earth. It is defined by many geographers as extending from the Atlantic to the Nile and from the Medi- terranean to the Sudan. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Der: Saharan  l: 7 3:487 15: 150 25: 170

Sahavas erroneous reading, probably for "Sabavas": the people of Sheba (see Sheban) usually called the Sabaeans (Saba being the Latin form of Sheba). Modem scholars think that Sheba was in southern Arabia; but according to an Ethiopian tradition it was in Ethiopia. The emperors of Ethiopia whose line ended with Haile Selassie claimed to be descended from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. The story goes that the son of Solomon by the Queen of Sheba was anointed by Solomon and given the title "Lion of Judah". This title was borne by Haile Selassie and his predecessors on the throne of Ethiopia.  5:596

St. George See George, St.

St. Helena a British island in the Atlantic Ocean, 1150 miles from the west coast of Africa. It is best known as the place of exile of Napoleon, who was sent there in 1815 and died in 1821. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  3:267 5: 145 X: 149

St. Hilaire Phillippe Barbier Saint-Hilaire (1894-1969), the first French disciple of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. He was given the name "Pavitra". Bom in France, he was an engineer and chemist. He came to the Ashram in December 1925 after having travelled in his spiritual quest to the lama- series of Mongolia, and stayed here till his death on 16 May 1969. (Agenda of 17.5.69) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

St. James Gazette in the Record of Yoga, one of the names constantly occurring in the "Lipi" since the beginning of the abundant record period. (A) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

St. Jean a disciple of Jesus. He has beenaccepted since ancient times as the author of five canonical books – the fourth Gospel, three epistles, and the Revelation. (Enc. Br.) Var: St. John [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

St. John See St. Jean

St. John’s St. John’s College, one of the residences or colleges of Cambridge University, at Cambridge, England. It was founded in 1511. (Col. Enc.)  3: 132

St. Joseph’s College in the Record of Yoga, one of-the names constantly occurring in the "Lipi" since the beginning of the abundant record period. (A) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

St. Paul’s (School) a day-school in London; one of the major public (privately endowed) schools in England, founded in 1509 and originally located in the churchyard of St. Paul’s Cathedral. It was removed to Hammersmith Road in 1884. Sri Aurobindo joined this school in September 1884, passed Matriculation in 1889, and from there went to King’s College, Cambridge in 1890 with a senior classical scholarship. (Enc. Br.; Purani;I&G)  26:1-2, 328 11:87 V: 100 XIV: 163 XVII: 66

St. Peter’s St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, the largest church of the Christian world. Its construction occupied no less than 181 years (1445-1626). The dome of the church, 404 ft. high from the pavement, spans an internal diameter of 137 ft. Below this lofty dome is the high altar, canopied by Bernini’s magni- ficent bronze baldachin 95 ft. high. The crypt beneath the altar contains the tomb of St. Peter. The interior of St. Peter’s is a series of unending marvels, of which probably the most beautiful, certainly the most famous, is the "Pieta", a marble group by Michel- angelo. (Col. Enc.; Fox)  9: 381

St. Petersburg modern Leningrad in Russia (U.S.S.R.). It is Russia’s second largest city and was formerly the capital. Founded by Peter I (Peter the Great), it was originally called St. Petersburg and was known as Petrograd between 1914 and 1924. (Col. Enc.)  2:254

Saintsbury, George Edward Bateman (1845-1933), the most influential English historian and critic of the early 20th century, whose lively style and wide knowledge made his work popular and authoritative. (Enc. Br.)  9: 522

St. Stephen’s-Hyslop’s College in the Record of Yoga, one of the names that occurred frequently in the "Lipis" but it was recorded only on 12 March 1914. (A) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Saka See Saka(s)

Sakaria Swami or Sakharia Baba, a Sadhu who spent part of his life in a town called Chharodi, on the way to GANGANATH. He was highly revered by people all round and looked upon as a Siddha Yogi and a Jivan- mukta Purusha. He was very fond of Barindra Kumar Ghose, who was at one time his disciple. Barindra took him to Surat during the Congress session of 1907. Sakharia Baba had been a fighter in the Mutiny on the rebel side in the army of the RaniofJhansi. (A) a 26: 18 (name not mentioned), 51

Saka(s) name given in India to the Scythian tribes. Originally nomadic people of central Asia, they were forced to migrate south in the second century BC. They invaded India in several waves and by the close of the first century BC had established themselves in western India. (They seem to have been encountered and repulsed by King Vikrama- ditya ofUjjayini.) They were first con- demned, being classed as Yavanas (or Indo- Greeks), but later on they became Indianised and Hinduised. (D.I.H.) Var: Shakas  1: 705 3: 198 4:252 13: 39

Sakta 5ceS(h)akta

Sakya(s) a tribal people who lived in the Nepalese Terai in the 6th century BC. They claimed to belong to the Solar race and the Ikshwaku family. Their chief, Suddhodana of Kapilavastu, was the father of Gautama Buddha. (D.I.H.)  3: 198 4:252 13:29

Salamanca city and capital of Salamanca province of western Spain, in Leon, on the Tormez River. It is one of Spain’s greatest historic and artistic cities. (Col. Enc.) l-l 7:825

Salamis an island in the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea, part of Attica, Greece; also a port town of this island, west of the city of Piraeus. Homer represents Salamis as the home of Ajax and Teucer, sons of Tela- mon. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  5:407 III: 24

Salar a character – confidant of Alzayni - in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers of Bassora.  7:561, 665-66

Salimullah, Nawab the Nawab (of Dacca), son of Nawab Khwajah Sir Ahsanullah

Khan. He was an anti-nationalist, an arch- enemy of the Swadeshi movement, who pas- sionately strove to foment the anti-Hindu elements in the country and to shape them into a permanent political organization. On the basis of a "manifesto" drawn up by him, the "All-India Muslim League" was founded on 30 December 1906. It opposed the boycott of British goods and supported the par- tition of Bengal. Nawab Salimullah led the agitation of East Bengali Muslims in favour of partition. (I.F.F.; A.H.I.) Der: Salimullahi(sm) 1:196, 209-13, 218, 251, 312, 346, 369-71, 373, 375, 383-84, 391, 403, 414, 435, 482.626-27, 635- 27:54

Salonika a city in Macedonia in northeast- ern Greece. It is the second largest city of Greece, a major port, and an important in- dustrial and commercial centre. Its modern nameisThessaloniki. (Col. Enc.) D 15:467

Sama; Saman(s) See Sama(veda)

Samain, Albert (1858-1900), French poet. He is often classed as a symbolist, though he was influenced by the Parnassians and other schools. (Col. Enc.) 26: 341-42

Samarcand Samarkand, city and capital of Samarkand oblast, Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, U.S.S.R. Until 1920 Samarkand formed part of the emirate of Bokhara. It is one of the oldest existing cities of the world and the oldest of central Asia. Under Tamerlane, who made it the capital of his empire in the 14th century, Samarkand reached its greatest splendour as a fabulous city of palaces and gardens. It had pros- pering silk and iron industries. Modern Samarkand is still a major cotton and silk centre. (Col. Enc.) 5: 272

Samamath one of the two witnesses at the search of Sri Aurobindo’s residence in Calcutta on 2 May 1908. He discharged his part of the job with considerable gusto like a true loyalist. (A)  4: 259

Sama(veda) the third Veda. Its Samhita contains 1875 verses, only 78 of which have not been traced to the Rig-veda. Those from the Rig-veda frequently have readings that differ from those of the text of the Rig. The mantras of the Sama-veda are called Samans (sdmans). They are the mantras of the divine Ananda, "the word of calm and harmonious attainment for the bringing of the divine desire of the spirit" (13: 314). (Dow.; I & G) 12: 270, 276. 300, 310, 321, 323, 329, . 343, 385-86, 390, 448 13: 314. 350 14: 275, 277 IX: 1, 2, 11 XIII: 55, 57 XVII: 24, 62-63

Samba a son of Krishna by Jambavati (the Linga Purana names Rukmini as his mother). He was a great hero and parti- cipated in the battle of Kurukshetra. (A; Dow.)  3:200, 207 8:43, 59 IV: 115

Sambara in the Veda, name of a demon who fought against King Divodasa. He was defeated and his many (airborne?) castles were destroyed by Indra. (Dow.) Var: Shambara :44, 182 XVIII: 177

Sambas in Sri Aurobindo’sZ/ion, one of Penthesilea’s captains. (M.I.) Var: Sambus  5:455, 516-17

Sammer Francis Sammer, a young Czech who worked in the Ashram as resident architect of GOLCONDE, assistant to Antonin Raymond. He was in the Ashram for three or four years, leaving around 1940 to join the War.  25:230

Sammite Samnite (the correct spelling), ancient Roman name for the warlike tribes inhabiting the mountains of south-central Italy. (Enc. Br.)  3:480

Samson Israelite hero portrayed in an epic narrative in the Old Testament Book of Judges. Hebrew tradition sometimes has designated him the last of the great "judges". He owed his superhuman strength to his unshorn hair. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  7:573

Samson Agonistes a tragedy (1671) in blank verse by Milton, modelled on classic Greek tragedy but with biblical subject matter. It is the greatest of such dramas in English. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)  9:85

Samudragupta Indian emperor from c. 330 to c. 380; the epitome of the "ideal king" of the "golden age" of Indian history, the period of the imperial Guptas (AD 320-510). In many ways he personified the Indian conception of the hero. (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.)  4:99

Samurai member(s) of the Japanese military caste, the knights of feudal Japan. They were the dominant group in Japan for long periods. After 1868 the Samurai disappeared but as statesmen, soldiers, and businessmen, the former Samurai took the lead in building modern Japan. (Col. Enc.)  1:219, 257, 537, 906 2:110 13:47 111:1-2, 4, 15, 17-18 IV: 109

Samvanana Angirasa (Samvanana Angirasa), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Angiras.  11:435

Sanaaman misspelling of Sunaaman (Su- naman or Sunama), in the Mahabharata,

a son of Ugrasena and brother of Kansa. He was commander-in-chief of the latter’s army, and was killed by Krishna and Balarama. (M.N.)  8:41

Sanatan Dharma the Eternal Religion; the Law Sempiternal; the religion of the Aryans, called by outsiders "HINDUISM"; the Indian religious and spiritual tradition. (A; I & G) Var: Sanatana Dharma  1:66.837 2:3-4, 8, 10, 17, 19 3: 124 4: 44, 62, 124-26, 139, 143 12: 447 14: 122 16: 404 26: 52 27: 300, 433-34 1:57 II: 58, 84 VIII: 190 XIII: 38

Sanatsujatiya name of the discourse of Sanatsujata to Dhritarashtra, forming part (Chapters 42-46) of the Udyogaparva of the Mahabharata. Sanatsujata (or Sanatkumar) was one of the mind-born sons of Brahma. (M.N.) 16:426

Sanatkumar in Hindu mythology, the most prominent of the four Kumaras or mind-born sons of Brahma. (Dow.)  22:342

Sand, George pseudonym of Amandine- Aurore-Lucie Dupin, Baronne Dudevant (1804-76), French Romantic novelist. She also wrote a number of plays. Much of her work was autobiographic. She was famous for her numerous love affairs. (Col. Enc.)  9:327

Sandhya a Bengali nationalist evening newspaper of Calcutta, started on 16 Decem- ber 1904 by Brahmabandhab UPADHYAYA, who also edited it. The paper was prosecuted for sedition in August 1907. After the death of Brahmabandhab in the same year. Pandit Makhoda Charan Samadhyaya became.the editor and general director. The paper ceased publication in January 1909, when the Classic Press, its printer, was declared and forfeited. (D.N.B., IV: 373; P.T.I.)  1: 262, 333, 407, 544, 579, 792, 907 2: 38 26: 15 IV: 110

Sandow, Eugene (1867-1925), German "strong man" and advocate of physical culture. In England and America he gained much notice as an exponent of physical culture for the average man. In 1911 he was appointed by royal warrant as professor of physical culture to King George V. (Col. Enc.)  24: 1332 IX: 42

San Francisco a city, coextensive with San Francisco county, in western California, U. S. A., on a hilly peninsula between the Pacific and San Francisco Bay. (Col. Enc.)  1: 814 15: 570 17: 181 26: 412

Sanga, Rana Rana Sangram Singh (popularly known as Rana Sanga), ruler of Mewar from 1509 to 1529 and the hero of the Rajput national resurgence. He aspired for political supremacy in the country and proved a formidable adversary to Babur. (D.I.H.;A.H.I.)  4:99 14:378

Sangbad Prabhakar SamvadaPrabhakara, a well-known Bengali paper of Calcutta started by Iswara Chandra Gupta in 1831 as a weekly. It closed down the following year, but in 1836 Iswara Chandra revived it as a tri- weekly. In 1839 it became the first Indian daily paper, and Iswara Chandra continued to be the editor till his death (1859). (D.N.B.)  3:90

Sangh See Prabartak Sangh(a)

Sangram Singh See Sanga, Rana

Sanjay’ in the Mahabharata, prince of a country called Sauvira; son ofVidula. Defeated by the king of Sindhu, he fled the battlefield. His mother rebuked him for this and exhorted him to go back and fight. San- jay obeyed and vanquished the enemy. (M.N.;A) Var: Sunjoy  8:61, 63, 65, 67-69, 71, 73

Sanjay(a)2 in the Mahabharata, the chario- teer and minister of Dhritarashtra. He went as ambassador to the Pandavas before the great war broke out. Sanjaya is represented as reciting the Bhagavad-gita to Dhrita- rashtra. (Dow.) Var: Sunjoy  3:145, 169-70 4:75, 78, 80-83, 100, 104 8:77 12:457 27:83 11:64

Sanjibani a Bengali journal of Calcutta, edited by Krishna Kumar Mitra. It was the organ of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. The office of the paper was at Krishna Kumar’s house (6, College Square), where Sri Aurobindo stayed for some time. (A; Purani) Var: Sanjivani  1: 157 4: 190, 276 26:355 27:40-41, 43 XIV: 99 XV: 62-63 XVI: 194

Sankar See Shankaracharya

Sankaritola a locality in central Calcutta. N. N. Ghose’s English weekly, the Indian Nation, was perhaps issued from here. (A) Var: Sankharitola; Shankaritola n i: 264, 280, 454, 518, 524, 526

Sankhya one of the six schools of orthodox Hindu philosophy, founded by the sage Kapila. It takes its name from its numeral or discriminative tendency of setting forth the principles of our being. It is "the abstract and analytical realisation of the truth". The followers of the school are called Sankhyas. (Dow.; I

& G) Der: Sankhyas 2: 425-26 3: 174, 222, 372, 387 4: 46, 127 8: 82, 85, 91 11: 21 12: 4, 7, 101, 175, 196, 379, 427, 449, 452, 459, 471.498 13: 5-6, 48, 62-64, 66-80, 82-85, 87, 89, 91-92, 97, 99, 102, 104-05, 142, 169, 203, 205, 209, 212, 217, 219, 240-41, 245, 254-55, 260, 341, 396, 399, 404, 423, 480, 514, 538 14: 16, 81, 150 16: 227, 232, 235, 341, 350, 352 17: 52, 183, 291 18: 7, 14, 81, 83, 165, 253, 279, 311, 348-49, 445, 564, 619 19: 643-44 20: 91, 358, 360, 365, 367, 374, 410-11, 480 21: 609, 656, 725 22: 73, 215, 301, 334, 473 24: 1168 26: 383 27: 211, 229-30, 242, 252, 267, 272, 300, 308, 328 I: 50 VIII: 162, 172, 182-83, 185-86 XI: 20 XII: 134 XIII: 24 XIV: 132, 152 XVII: 27

Sankhya Karikafs) a work (in Sanskrit verse) on the Sankhya philosophy, written by Ishwara Krishna. (Dow.)  13: 63 17: 291

Sannyastapad in the Mahabharata, name of a country whose king and princes, oppressed by fear ofJarasandha, had left the North and migrated south. (M.N.)  8:41

Sanskrit the sacred language of the Hindus, the language of their prayers, worship and sacrificial rites. It was a great unifying force in ancient India and was the court language of many kingdoms. Sanskrit is based on a very scientific grammar and is written in Devanagari script. The language of the Vedas is an old form of Sanskrit. (D.I.H.) Var; Sanscrit Der: Sanscritist; Sanskritic; Sanskritise; Sanskitising; Sanskritists  1: 513 3: 76, 79, 96-97, 142, 144-45, 162, 179-81, 198, 218, 224, 226, 236, 238-46, 248-49, 254, 258, 275, 281, 292, 303, 312, 318, 320-21, 466 4: pie., 166, 251 5: 362, 551, 585 7: 907 8: 67, 159, 212 9: 6, 13, 29, 67, 112-13, 307, 399, 401, 460 10: 2, 14-15, 26, 29, 35-36, 45-47, 50-51, 58-59, 66-67, 87, 95, 155, 248, 250, 269, 273, 352, 358, 457, 494-95, 500, 551, 553-54, 556-60, 562-67, 570-72, 574-75, 577-79, 581 11: 11, 19, 448-50, 454, 456-57, 459, 465, 487, 505-06 12: 53, 57-58, 181, 347, 401, 407-09, 478 14: 47, 69, 88, 102, 186, 255-56, 286, 294-95, 297, 299-300, 302, 304, 309, 315-16, 319, 377, 389, 407, 429 15: 156, 491 16: 5, 79, 237, 407 17: 193, 195, 240, 267, 277-78, 288, 290-91, 294-99, 306, 345, 349, 368, 374 18: 105, 108, 334 19: 948 20: 12, 240, 261, 295 22: 266-67, 301, 395 26:11-12, 253-54, 261, 266, 268, 293, 325, 327, 366 27: 90, 93, 96, 99-102, 104-08, 155, 163-64, 166, 168-70, 172-73, 177-78, 338, 440, 448, 483-84 29: 799 I: 8, 24, 26, 29-31, 43, 70 II: 30, 35, 38, 77 III: 22, 52, 54, 56-59, 62 IV: 136, 148, 151-52, 155-56, 184 V: 42-44, 50 VI: 139-43, 153 IX: 25, 58 X: 142, 157, 167 XIII: 33 XIV: 122, 128, 142 XV: 8, 17, 23, 44-45, 47, 49 XVI: 136-37, 139, 151, 156, 162, 164-65, 172, 176, 180 XVII: 24-25, 30, 55, 66 XVIII: 153, 173, 190 XX: 126, 128, 131 XXI: 21, 67, 74

Sanskrit Research Anglo-Sanskrit quarterly journal, a contemporary of Arya, started by the Sanskrit Academy of India, Bangalore, under the editorship of Pandit Lingeca Mahabhagawat. It was devoted to research work in all fields of Indian antiquity. (A) 17: 290, 299

Santa Catarina Spanish form of St. Catherine, used as an exclamation.  7:856

Santal tribal people of eastern India, concentrated largely in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, and Orissa. The Santals have twelve clans. (Enc. Br.) D m: 16

Santayana, George (1863-1952), American philosopher, poet, and humanist who made important contributions to aesthetics, speculative philosophy, and literary criticism. (Enc. Br.)  9: 543

Sapphira wife of Ananias, a member of the church at Jerusalem. Both were struck dead when attempting to misrepresent the amount of their gifts to the Apostle Peter. (Enc. Am. under Ananias) V: 65

Sappho (fl. c. 610 – c. 580 BC), greatest of the early Greek lyric poets. Plato called her "the tenth Muse". (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 9: 327, 407

Sapti Vajambhara a Vedic Rishi. a n: 412

Saracen a general name among later Greeks and Romans for nomads of the Syro-Arabian deserts; Arabs or Moslems of the time of the Crusades. By extension, the term was some- times used in the Middle Ages for the Muslim enemies of Christianity in general, whether they were Arabs, Moors, or Seljuk Turks. (C.O.D.;Col.Enc.) Der: Saracenic 3: 422 4: 218

Sarada(mani) Devi or Saradeshwari Devi (1853-1920), wife (spiritual consort) of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. She was an ideal of Indian womanhood, characterized by purity and love, modesty and motherliness. In her, it is said, one could see the possibility of living a most exalted spiritual life in the midst of trying circumstances. She used to initiate women in her spiritual path; Sri Aurobindo’s wife, Mrinalini Devi, was one of them. (A)  26:56-57, 60-62 XVI: 193

Sarajevo capital and cultural centre of the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in central Yugoslavia. The city is located in Bosnia. (Enc. Br.)  15: 367

Sarama in the Veda, the Hound of Heaven who pursues and recovers the cows stolen by the Panis.

 She represents the faculty of intuition. (I&G) a 4:24 5:543 10:26, 34, 68, 94, 119, 135, 140, 149, 153, 162, 166, 168, 176, 187, 190, 193-95, 203-08, 210-15, 224, 229-30, 235, 250, 319, 353, 356 11: 32, 494 VIII: 147 XV: 41 XVII: 44

Sarameya two dogs, messengers of Yama, mentioned in the tenth Mandala of the Rig- veda, without reference to Sarama being their mother. (A)  10:213-14

Saraswati’ name of a river which was one boundary of Brahmavarta, the home of the early Aryans, and was to them a sacred river. It is now regarded as a mysterious underground stream which joins the con- fluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna at Prayaga near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. (Dow.) Var: Saruswathi(e)  4:23 5:238 6:213 9:145 10:5, 89, 103 11:147 14:313, 422 17: 257 XIV:130

SaraswatP(e) I. in the Puranas, wife of Brahma; the same as Bharati; the Muse; the goddess of speech, poetry, learning, arts and crafts. 2. in the Veda, goddess of inspira- tion. The Veda also employs for her the image of a river. She represents the stream of inspiration that descends from the Truth- Consciousness. (A; Enc. Br.) Var: Saruswathi  3:105, 207 4:23, 140, 233 5:21, 26, 28, 243 7:951 8:59, 310, 339.343 9: 9, 79, 212, 295 10: 5, 34, 68, 75, 85-92, 94-97, 103, 137-38, 193, 195, 203, 231, 235, 352-53, 377, 519 11: 3, 10, 15, 32, 83, 89, 118, 212, 293, 306, 336, 426, 466, 470, 494 12:507 14: 422 17: 305 23: 977 27: 158-59 28: 345 29: 380, 733, 754 11:26 IV: 128 XIV: 130-31, 159 XV: 5, 28-32, 34, 38-39, 42-43 XVI: 145-53, 155-60, 171 XVII: 14, 53

Sarat Babu sub-agent (c. 1910) of the Steamer Company to which the Kaligunge mail steamer belonged. (A)  2:359

Sarat (Chandra) See Chattopadhyaya, Sarat Chandra

Sarathi See Parthasarathi

Sarat Maharaj (1865-1927), born Sarat Chandra Chakravarti, and known also as Swami Saradananda after he took Sannyasa and joined the Baranagar Math under the leadership of Swami Vivekananda in 1887. He conducted the work of the Vedanta Society in New York for nearly two years, and then, in 1898, took up the secretaryship of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission in India. He was especially devoted to Sri Sarada Devi, the Holy Mother of the Mission. He was author of the famous Bengali book Sri Ramakrishna Lila Prasanga. 27: 464

Sarcar, Kishorilal a man referred to by Sri Aurobindo (in 1909) as having tried to prove by cogent statistics that the Mahomedans as well as the Hindus were a dying race. (A)  2: 251

Sardesai, Govind Sakharam, a famous Marathi historian of Baroda who was an officer in the Gaekwar’s service and an acquaintance of Sri Aurobindo’s. They both accompanied the Gaekwar on his Kashmir visit in 1903. (A; Purani; A & R, IV: 201)  IV: 193-94

Sardinia an island west of Italy in the Medi- terranean, second only to Sicily in size. The settlement of 1720 awarded Sardinia to the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, who assumed the title "King of Sardinia". Sardinia and Piedmont later formed the nucleus of the new kingdom of Italy (1861). (Col. Enc.;N.L.W.D.)  1:505

Saro See Ghose, Sarojini

Saroda Charan See Mitter, Justice Saroda Charan

Sarojini 1. for this name occurring in Volumes 9 and 17, see "Naidu, Sarojini". 2. for its occurrences in other volumes, see "Ghose, Sarojini".

Sarpedon in Greek legend, a mighty warrior, commander of the Lycian contingent of Priam’s allies. He was the son of Zeus and Laodamia, daughter of Bellerophon. Slain by Patroclus (in I lion, by Achilles), his body was returned to Lycia for burial. (Col. Enc.;M.I.)  5:426, 431-32, 450, 473-74, 478

Saruswathi See Saraswati’ or Saraswati^e)

Saruswathie See Saraswati1

Sasa a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri. (B.P.C.)  11: 233

Satan In Judaism, and in later Christianity, the devil was known as Satan. In the Old Testament Satan is viewed as the prosecutor of Yahweh’s (God’s) court, but he is not regarded as an adversary of God. In post- biblical Judaisim and Christianity, however, Satan became known as the "prince of devils" and assumed various names. In Islamic theology, Iblis, the devil, is also known as Saitana (Satan). (Enc. Br. under Devil) Der: Satanic  1: 254, 265, 584, 602, 687, 741, 863 2: 167 3: 95, 443 4: 86, 284 7: 626-27, 694, 704 9: 84-85 13: 163 17: 134 18: 603

Satara name of a district and its headquarters in the state of Maharashtra (formerly in Bombay Presidency). (Enc. Br.)  4: 296

Sathaneka in Sri Aurobindo’s play Vasava- dutta. King Vuthsa Udayan’s father.  6: 227, 257

Sati in Hindu mythology, Parvati reborn as a daughter of Daksha, the great Prajapati. She was wedded to Shiva (Mahadeva) by the Rishis against the wishes of Daksha. Sati killed herself as a conseqence of the quarrel between her husband and her father. (Dow.)  1:892-93, 895

Saturn a major planet, known as Shani in Hindu astronomy, sixth in order of distance from the sun; it is the farthest of the seven anciently known planets. In astrology, its influence is generally considered evil. (Dow.; Col. Enc.)  3: 43 5: 300 17: 259-62

Satumia(n) of the Golden Age in the distant past, when human life was innocently happy and spontaneously harmonious; Roman tradition placed it in the reign of Saturn, the god of agriculture, loosely identified with the Greek Cronus, father of Zeus. (M.I.)  5: 500 15: 608 XIV:116

Satvatas Inthe Mahabharata, Satvatawas a great man born in the line of Yadu. His descendants also were called Satvatas. (M.N.) Var: Satwatas n 27: 83 VI: 137

Satya  SATYALOK.A or SATYAYUGA

Satyadeva the highest of the ten forms of consciousness in the evolutionary scale of man; the Supreme Deva who raises the mind to Sat. (A;A&R, VI: 209)  VI: 184

Satyakama See Shaibya Satyakama

Satyakama Jabala (Satyakama Jabala), a sage of the Upanishadic period, "son of a servant-girl who knew not who was his father". "Jabala" was his matronymic, his mother’s name being Jabala. Satyakama attained to the divine knowledge by fol- lowing the teachings of four gods who came to him in non-human forms while he was tending the cows of the Rishi Haridru- mata Gautama, his guru. The guru had sent him to the forest with the strange directive that when the 400 lean cows became 1000, the pupil might return. The story is told in the Chandogya Vpanishad (4th chapter). (A; Balak; Mother-11) Var: Satyakama Jabali 0 14:146 VI: 155, 157-59

Satyaki(e) in the Mahabharata, one of the seven great heroes among the Vrishnis of the Yadava race; the charioteer of Krishna. His personal names were Yuyudhana and Daruka (see Daruk). Satyaki was his patronymic, his father’s name being Satyaka. (Dow.;M.N.) Var: Satyaqy  4:68, 75, 77 8:30, 43, 77-78

Satyaloka Satya Loka; or Satya (abbreviated form), the highest of the seven lokas, or the highest of the three supreme worlds of Puranic cosmology; world of the highest truth of being. (Dow.; A)  4:29 10:42, 171, 197 11: 23 12: 122, 515 17:29, 62 22:252 23:747 XV: 26, 33, 46 XVI: 144-45, 155

Satyananda a character in Bankim’s Bengali novel Ananda Math, partly translated by Sri Aurobindo. (A)  8:343, 345-46, 354-56

Satyaqy See Satyaki(e)

Satyavaha a Rishi mentioned in the Mun- daka Upanishad, a descendant of Bhara- dwaja.  12:269

Satyavan son of King Dyumatsena; the tale of Satyavan and Savitri is told in the Maha- bharata as a story of conjugal love conquer- ing death. Symbolically Satyavan is the soul carrying the divine truth of being with itself but descended into the grip of death and ignorance. See also Savitri(e). (A)  9: 309 26; 265 27: 511 28: 10 29: 392, 396, 400, 403, 406, 409.411-12, 424, 426, 429, 431-32, 435-36, 458-59, 466, 468, 471-72, 475, 533, 552, 554, 561-63, 565, 571, 576, 578-80, 584-87, 589-90, 593, 605, 610-11, 614, 633, 636-38, 640, 647, 655, 664, 666, 668, 687, 692, 702, 712, 715, 717, 720, 722-24, 772 XX: 157

Satyavatie a character – a hermitess – in Kalidasa’s drama Vikramorvasie, translated by Sri Aurobindo. D 3:281, 283.287 7: 909. 996-1002 X: 167, 170, 174

Satyayuga or Satya Yuga or Satya (abbreviated form): in Hindu cosmology, the first of the four Yugas, covering a period of 1, 728, 000 years. It is the Age of Truth, the age in which righteousness is eternal, when duties do not languish nor people decline. It is also known as Kritayuga ("Krita" means "effected or completed"). (A; Dow.)  1: 902 2: 12 3: 358, 453 4: 68, 107, 115, 152, 313-14 11: 443, 449, 451-53. 505 14: 341 15:9, 117-18, 608 16:411-12.430 20:25, 195 22:403 26:370 27:363.434, 475 11:37 V:96 VI: 155-56 VIII: 191-93 XIV: 116, 119, 142, 153

Satyr one of a class of Greek woodland deities in human form with horse’s ears and tail (or, as represented by the Romans, with goat’s ears, tail, legs, and budding horns), bestial in its desires and

behaviour, lustful and fond of revelry. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5: 448, 495, 543 8:411 XVI: 144

Saubala in the Mahabharata, a name of Sakuni after his father Subala. Saubala was a skilful gambler (dice-player), a cheat who in the game with Yudhisthira induced him to stake and lose his all. (Dow. under Sakuni)  3:206-07 8:59

Saul (fl. 11 th cent. sc), first king of Israel (c. 1021-1000 BC). In the first book of Samuel (Old Testament, Jewish scripture), after Saul was anointed by Samuel, he met a company of prophets and prophesied among them, whereupon the people said: "Is Saul also among the prophets?" The phrase later became proverbial. It is said of one who unexpectedly bears tribute to a party or doctrine that he has hitherto vigorously assailed. (1 Samuel X.12 and XIX.24;

Brewer)  2:22

Saul of Tarsus (afterwards St. Paul), a Ist-century Jew who, after being a bitter enemy of the Christian Church, became its leading missionary and possibly its greatest theologian. Although he never met Jesus, he regarded him as a threat to Pharisaic Judaism and persecuted his followers. Con- verted through a vision on the road to Damascus, he accepted his call to be the Apostle to the Gentiles. (Ox. Comp.; Enc. Br.)  23: 609

Saumilla name of a Sanskrit poet and playwright mentioned in Kalidasa’s drama Malavikdgnimitram, translated by Sri Aurobindo under the title Malavica and the King.  8: 137 X: 117

Saurin Saurin Bose, Mrinalini’s cousin. He came to Pondicherry in September 1911 and stayed with Sri Aurobindo. He was given charge of the Arya office. He also looked after the "Aryan Stores" opened in the Pondicherry bazaar in 1916. In 1919 he went to Bengal, where he married. He never returned to Pondicherry. In his Record of Yoga Sri Aurobindo has at some places abbreviated his name to S or S. or Sn. (Purani) VII: 6, 10, 18, 23 XIX: 24, 27, 29 XX: 121, 148 XXI: 2-3, 19, 29, 32, 34, 78, 82 XXII: 126, 135, 157

Savant an officer in the service of Baroda state about 1903 who was degraded by the Maharaja from the

rank of Naib Khangi Karbhari to that of Chitnis. (A)  IV: 193

Savarkar1, Ganesh Damodar (1879-1945), eldest of the Savarkar brothers and popularly styled Baba Savarkar. He worked for the Spread of the R.S.S. (Rashtriya Swayam- sevak Sangh), and for Sanskritized Hindi in Devanagari script as the national language. He was one of the prominent revolutionaries ofNasik (Maharashtra) from 1905. He was prosecuted for sedition as the author of two books of songs, and was sentenced to trans- portation for life in 1909. In reprisal for this severe sentence, Mr. Jackson, the District Magistrate of Nasik, was shot dead on 21 December 1909. (D.N.B.; P.T.I.)  2: 333 4: 236

Savarkar2 Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883-1966) of Nasik, popularly known as Vir Savarkar. While studying law in England he was arrested in 1910 under the Fugitive Offenders Act. When the ship bringing him from England reached Marseilles, he at- tempted to escape. The gendarme guarding the exit of the dock, instead of taking him before a magistrate, handed him over to his British escort on the ship. Savarkar’s friends in Paris petitioned against the alleged violation of French sovereignty, and the question was taken to a Hague Tribunal, where his case was lost. In India, he was tried by a Special Tribunal, charged with the abetment of the Nasik murder (see Savarkar’) and sentenced to transportation for life. After his release in 1937 he joined the Hindu Mahasabha. Vir Savarkar was a voluminous writer. (D.I.H.; P.T.I.) a 27: 471

Save, the Sava River, the longest river entirely in Yugoslavia. Its basin covers almost half the country. (Enc. Br.) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Savitri (Savitr), the Creator; a name used in the Veda in conjunction with Surya (and sometimes also with other gods) but also independently. It is sometimes identified with, at other times distinguished from Surya "the Sun", being conceived of and personi- fied as the divine influence and vivifying power of the sun, while Surya is the more concrete conception. According to Sayana, the sun before rising is called Savitri, and after rising till its setting Surya. (A; M.W.) n 10: 118, 127, 181, 188, 272-80, 283, 287, 289-93, 425, 428, 430, 433, 436-38, 446-47, 463-64, 529-30 11:48, 82, 143, 466 12:130 20:465 27: 191 V: 22-23 VI: 182 XIV: 111 XVIII: 148

Savitri an epic (subtitled "A Legend and a Symbol") by Sri Aurobindo, his poetic magnum opus in about 24, 000 lines of blank verse. Although the legend on which it is based is taken from the Mahabharata, the poem is charged with Vedic symbolism. A Western critic hailed it as "perhaps the most powerful artistic work in the world for ex- panding man’s mind towards the Absolute". Savitri, begun probably in 1915, took shape over the next four decades. He was working on it in 1950, when he left his body. Parts of the poem were issued in journals and in fascicles between 1946(?) and 1950. The first book edition was published in two volumes in 1950-51, and in a single volume in 1954. (A;I&G;S.F.F.)  9:375, 404 22: 122-23 26: 99, 187, 229-30, 238-40, 243, 245-50. 252, 255, 258-63.265, 297, 308, 310, 317-18, 508 29: 561. 725, 727-28, 730-31, 733, 735-38, 740, 745-46, 750, 754-56, 759, 785-86, 789, 791-95, 797, 799-801 XX: 150, 153

Savitri, The the tale or episode of Satyavan and Savitri related in the Mahabharata in the book entitled "Pativratamahatmyaparva".  3: 153-55, 161

Savitri(e) in the Mahabharata, the heroine of the tale of Satyavan and Savitri; also the heroine of Sri Aurobindo’s epic Savitri. She was the daughter of King Ashwapati, and lover of Satyavan, whom she married al- though she was warned by Narada that he had only one year to live. On the fatal day, when Yama carried off Satyavan’s spirit, she followed him with unswerving devotion. Ultimately Yama was constrained to restore her husband to life. Symbolically, Savitri is the Divine Word, daughter of the Sun, god- dess of the supreme Truth who comes down and is born to save mankind. (Dow.; A) D 2: 399 5: 258 8: 16 9: 309, 375 12: 483 17: 257 26: 265 27: 154, 509, 511 28: 6, 12 29: 368, 372, 377, 391, 400, 402-03, 406, 408, 410. 417-18, 424, 426.429.431, 435, 465, 467, 474.476-77, 488. 499.501-03. 507, 509, 513-14, 520, 532, 538, 551, 564-65, 575, 577-78. 580, 584-85. 588-89, 591, 593-94, 612, 621, 634-38, 647, 650-51, 656, 663-64, 668, 685, 687, 692, 702-03, 711, 715, 717-19, 723-24, 728-29, 741, 758, 760-63 III: 6

Savli a town in the former princely state of Baroda, about thirty km north of the city of Baroda. Now it is in Vadodara district of Gujarat state. (G.R.A.) a XV: 70

Savoy Alpine region in southeastern France, along the Swiss and Italian borders. Savoy, along with Nice, became part of France permanently in 1860 as the price for the French Emperor Napoleon Ill’s consent

to the formation of a state covering north central Italy under the rule of the House of Savoy. The area is now divided into the departements of Savoie and Haute-Savoie. (Col.Enc.;Enc.Br.)  2:164

Savyasachin (Savyasacin), an epithet of Arjun, meaning "ambidextrous bowman". (I&G)  3:353 13:370 VII: 52

Sawy See (Ibn) Sawy

Saxon Old English language of the Saxons, a Germanic people who dwelt in a region near the mouth of the Elbe, and of whom one portion distinguished as Anglo-Saxons conquered and occupied certain parts of South Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. (Enc. Br.) a 27: 89 II: 27

Saxon(s) a Germanic people who lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. See also the previous entry. (Enc.Br.)  l: 237 3:13, 67-68, 447, 481 5: 506 14: 193 15: 288, 299, 306, 309 17: 244 III: 27

Sayajirao Gaekwar Sayaji Rao III (1863-1939), Maharaja ofBaroda from 1875 to 1939 (often referred to as The Gaekwar of Baroda). He proved to be one of the most enlightened of rulers amongst the Indian princes. Wholly secular in his views, an admirer of the parliamentary form of gov- ernment, a believer in industrialization, an advocate of all-round reforms and imbued with love for his country and his people, he played a decisive part in the general awaken- ing of the people of India. (D.N.B.) a 1:395, 414 2:250 26:6-7, 9-10, 19, 58, 69, 352, 362 27:77, 115-16 1:72, 74-75 11:88-89 III: 84-85 IV: 193-97 XVII: 66

Sayana (fl. 14th cent.), renowned commen- tator on the Vedas. He was brother of Madhavacharya, prime minister ofVijaya- nagara. Both of them were great scholars. More than 100 works, not only scholarly commentaries on the Samhitas and Brah- manas of the Vedas but original treatises on grammar and law, are attributed to them. (Dow.;M.W.) D 3:112, 116-17 4:21, 23, 32 10: 2-3, 6, 14, 17-23, 29-30, 37, 57-58, 65-66, 76, 80, 82-83, 96, 105, 119, 122, 128, 142, 156-57, 159, 163, 168, 170, 172, 180, 219, 225, 230, 246-48, 254, 289, 491, 493-97, 499, 501, 531, 547 11: 2, 11-12, 15-16, 164, 414, 459-64, 470-71, 473, 476, 479-80, 482-84, 486-88 17: 336-38, 340 27: 166, 184, 187, 193-96 IV: 125-47 VUI: 143-44 IX: 5-9, 30 X: 182 XHI: 61 XIV: 124 XV: 4-6, 23, 25 XVI: 133, 147-51, 156, 160, 162-63, 166, 170, 172, 176-77 XVII: 14, 16, 18-19, 21-22, 25, 27, 29-31, 41, 45-47

XVIII: 153-54, 169, 171-72, 176, 184

Sayyed Mohammed, Nawab (?-1919), a nationalist and one of the wealthiest Muslims of South India, descended on his mother’s side from the famous Tipu Sultan of Mysore. He presided over the 1913 session of the Congress held at Karachi. (D.N.B.) D 1: 169 4: 186

Scamander ancient name of Kucuk Menderes, a small river of northwestern Turkey, rising from Mt. Ida and emptying into the Mediterranean. Troy was situated on its banks. (Col. Enc.) n 5:401, 403, 411, 414, 458, 462, 471:512

Scandinavia 1. region of northern Europe embracing Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Iceland and the Faeroe Islands are often in- cluded on ethnic grounds, and Finland sometimes on geographical and historical grounds. 2. peninsula of northern Europe, occupied by Sweden and Norway. (N.L.W.D.) Der: Scandinavian (in senses other than the languages) 0 1:525 2:379 9:47, 96 15:412 16:310 I: 7 XV: 5, 17

Scandinavian languages the North Germanic group of languages; modern languages included in this group are Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faeroese. The first two are usually said to belong to the East Scandinavian group, and remaining three to the West Scandinavian group. The earliest written records of these languages date from c. AD 200 to 800. (Enc. Br.) a 27: 89 XVI: 137

Schiller, (Johann Christoph) Friednch von (1759-1805), German poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher. He was one of the founders of modern German literature, second in his time only to the overpowering Goethe. (Col. Enc.) a 9: 100 27: 89

Schlegel, Friedrich von (1772-1829), German philosopher, critic, and writer, most promi- nent of the founders of the Romantic school. He studied Sanskrit and Indian civilization in Paris. (Col. Enc.) n 14:46

Schleswig-Holstein a constituent "land" (state) of West Germany. Kiel is its capital. (Enc.Br.) a 15:293, 622

Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860), German philosopher, the exponent of a metaphysical doctrine of the will that prepared the way for Existential philosophy and Freudian psychology. (Enc. Br.) D 4: 44 9: 449 12:42, 57 14:16, 46 16:153 17:181, 318 23: 628 XIV: 144, 164 XVIII: 154

Schweitzer, Dr. Albert Schweitzer (1875- 1965), Alsatian philosopher, theologian, physician, and organist acclaimed for his interpretation of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. He was a missionary doctor in equatorial Africa, and the recipient of the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts on behalf of "The Brotherhood of Nations". He received the degree of doctorate in philosophy (1899), in theology (1900), and in medicine (1913). (Enc. Br.) n 19:754

Science of Religions Sri Aurobindo is referring to a book by Swami Vivekananda whose actual title is The Science and Philo- sophy of Religion. The book contains a series of seven lectures delivered in New York in 1896. a 4:293

Scindia Maratha ruling family of Gwalior, which for a time in the 18th century was a dominant power in North India. The dynasty was founded by Ranoji Sindhia, who in 1726 was put in charge of the Malwa district by the Peshwa. The dynasty ruled from 1726 to 1827, and it survived as a princely house until 1947. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Ind.) Var: Sindhia a 3: 195 7: 1027

Scindia, Madhoji Mahadaji Sindhia (1727-94), an illegitimate son and successor of Ranoji Sindhia, the founder of the Sindhia family of Gwalior. He became the most prominent chief among the Maratha leaders, and regained so much power and prestige in North India that in 1771 he re-established Emperor Shah Alam II on the throne in Delhi and practically became the emperor’s protector. (D.I.H.) D 4: 140 14: 378

Scorpion or Scorpius (Latin name), the 8th sign of the zodiac, known as Vrscika in Hindu astronomy. It is a conspicuous constellation, somewhat resembling the shape of a scorpion, lying between Libra and Sagittarius. (A; Enc. Br.) 0 17: 257-58, 260

Scot; Scotch; Scotchman See under Scotland

Scotia Latin name for Scotland used in the Middle Ages and today occasionally used in rhetoric. (Col. Enc.) n 7:886

Scotland most northerly of the four countries of the United Kingdom. The natives of Scotland – the Gaelic tribe that migrated from Ireland about the 6th century – are called Scots. Scotch, as an adjective, means

"of Scotland or its inhabitants" in the dia- lects(s) of English spoken in the Lowlands of Scotland. (The Scots themselves usually prefer the form Scottish, which is also used by the English esp. in dignified style or context.) Scotch, as a noun, is used for the Scotch dialect of English and, more popularly, for Scotch whisky. Sri Aurobindo used it once (1: 626) in this latter sense. "The Scotch", of course, means the Scotch people or nation. (Enc. Br.; C.O.D.) Der: Scotch; Scotchify; Scotchman; Scot(s) D 1:38, 208, 367, 623, 625-26, 628, 827 2:379 3: 68, 92 4:248, 285-86 15: 268, 291, 306, 308-10, 348-49, 475, 479 26:327 11:11

Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), British novelist and poet; the inventor of the historical novel and one of the most popular novelists of all time. (Enc. Br.) o 3:92-93, 108 9:44, 51, 317.319, 358, 544 27:352

Scott, Evelyn a poet whose poem entitled "Fear" appeared in the second number of the journal Shama’a, reviewed by Sri Aurobindo in Arya. (A) a 17:321

Scott’s Lane a lane in central Calcutta near Sealdah where Sri Aurobindo lived from February to April 1908 (at No. 23). D 4:290-91.322

Scutari Italian name of Shkoder, also called Shkodra, a city in northern Albania, on a plain at the southeastern end of Lake Scutari. Montenegrin troops occupied Scutari in the First Balkan War but, after the cessation of the hostilities, the Great European powers, at the conference in London, assigned it to the newly independent Albania. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) D XXI: 71

Scylla & Charybdis in Greek mythology, Scylla was the daughter of Phorcys and Hecate. Her rival Amphritrite by magic herbs turned her into a monster which seized and devoured mariners who sailed near its cave in the straits of Messina. The whirlpool of CHARYBDIS was situated opposite the cave so that it was hard to steer clear of one without being caught by the other. (O.C.C.L.) a XXI: 23

Scyros an island, off central Greece, in the Aegean Sea, east of Euboea. It was at the court of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, that Achilles was hid, disguised as a girl, by his mother Thetis, who knew that he would die fighting at Troy. He was found there by Odysseus, who gained his support for the Greeks against Troy. Neoptolemus, Achilles’s son, was born in Scyros to the king’s daughter Deidamia. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) n 5:486-87, 489

Scythia ancient region corresponding roughly to the modern Ukraine. The Scythians were a people of uncertain provenance but of Indo- European speech. Their armies consisted of mounted archers well-versed in elusive "desert tactics". In Indian historical termi- nology Scythian is used as a generic term denoting foreign tribes like the Shakas and the Kushans who invaded India from the 2nd century BC till the 2nd century AD. (Web.; Col. Enc.; D.I.H.) Der: Scythian; Scythianised; Scytho- (combining form) d 1:843 3:10, 24, 198 4:252 5:405, 419 6:543 7: 741, 744-51, 753, 760-61, 763, 780-88, 791, 793-94, 797, 801-03, 812, 814, 891, 893-94, 896-98 8:61 14:375-76 17:299 23:556 XV: 5 XVII: 43              

Sea-Drift a collection of poems by Walt Whitman, a 9:151

Sea-horse 1. creature harnessed to sea-god’s chariot, having horse’s head and fish’s tail. 2. small tropical fish having a body shaped like the head and arched neck of a horse, ending with a prehensile tail. (C.O.D.; N.L.W.D.) a 3:37

Sealdah a locality in East Calcutta where the Eastern Bengal Railway terminates. The word "District" following Sealdah in the text refers to the "district" of the railway. a 2:360

Seal of Rakshasa See Mudrarakshasa

Seasons’ a name used by Sri Aurobindo for Kalidasa’s lyric Rtu-samhdra (The Garland of the Seasons), one of his early works. This is perhaps the first poem in any literature written with the express object of describing Nature. (A) D 3:227, 250-52, 256, 259-60, 322 X:lll

Seasons2 The Seasons, James Thomson’s masterpiece, a long blank-verse poem published in four parts, called The Seasons:

Winter in 1726, Summer in 1727. Spring in 1728, and the whole poem including Autumn in 1730. (Ox. Comp.) a 3:252 11:16

Seat of Solomon See Takhti-Suleman

Sebes in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, a Thessalian warrior killed by Penthesilea. (M.I.) n 5:516

The Secret of the Veda Volume 10 of the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library (1971). It is a republication of a series of articles brought out in Arya under the same title between August 1914 and January 1921. In 1956 the articles came out in book-form with certain additions and alterations under the title On the Veda.

In 1971 the original title was restored, and further additions were made. (I&G) a XIV: 114 XXI: 4

The Seeker a long poem by Sri Aurobindo which has been lost. (A) a 1:70

Seeley, Sir John Robert (1834-95), English historian, professor of modern history at Cambridge from 1869 until his death. His work The Expansion of England came out in 1883. He was a proponent of the British imperialist ideal. (Col. Enc.) a 2:356 3:471

Seely’, John Edward Bernard (1868-1947), 1st Baron of Mottistone, British statesman and general, and airM.P. from 1900 to 1924. (Col. Enc.) n 1: 582

Seely2, an English scholar who, with Bankim Chandra Chatterji, introduced a modern standard of perfection for the Avatar. (A) 0 22: 418

Le Seigneur des Nations "The Lord of the Nations", a book written by Paul Richard in Japan in 1917. A Japanese translation of the manuscript was published soon after. The original work in French was brought out in print in 1922. Ganesh & Co., Madras, pub- lished an English version, with "Translation revised by S. E. Stokes", in 1923. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Seine second largest river in France. With its tributaries it drains the entire Paris basin. It rises in the Langres Plateau and falls into the English Channel. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) D 3:460 4:25

Seleucid(ae) (one of) the dynasty, founded by Seleucus, that governed Syria (c. 312-64 BC). (C.O.D.) a 6:349, 394

Seleucus Seleucus I Nicator (b. between 358 and 354 BC, d. 281 BC), king of ancient Syria, founder of the Seleucid dynasty. He was an able general of Alexander the Great. In the new partition of the empire in 312 BC, he received Babylonia, and later he managed to extend his power to the Oxus and the Indus. He gained a large part of Asia Minor and all of Syria. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 6: 398.406, 428, 432. 461-62, 469

Self Help Self-Help, with Illustrations of Character and Conduct, by Samuel Smiles, published in 1864. It was the outcome of a series of lectures on self-improvement given to young men in Leeds. It enjoyed great popularity and was widely translated; one of the book’s admirers was the young Louis Pasteur. (Enc. Br.; Ox. Comp.) a 111:8

Semites originally a people supposed to be descended from Shem, the oldest son of Noah. They are now chiefly represented by the Jews and Arabs of southwestern Asia but in ancient times also by the Babylonians, Assyrians, Aramaeans, Canaanites, and Phoenicians. These peoples are grouped under the term "Semite" because their languages were found to be related, deriving presumably from a common "Semitic" tongue. The modern descendants of this ancient language, widely spoken in northern Africa and the Near East, include Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic (the official language of Ethiopia, spoken by some five million people). These Semitic languages comprise one of the five branches of the Hamito- Semitic language family. (Enc. Br.; Pears) Der: Semitic a 2: 108 6: 1 10: 553 14: 297 15: 268 16: 309 17:137, 143, 180 18: 603 20:18 22:174 26:483 27:165, 280, 286 VIII: 174 XV: 12 XVI: 136, 186 XIX: 24

Sen, A. C. a man of Delhi; he wanted the National Fund to be utilized for a Swadeshi Museum. (A) D 2: 242

Sen, Baikunthanath (1843-1921), a lawyer of Berhampur, a prominent figure in the district ofMurshidabad, and a respected Congress leader of Bengal. He was a journalist, an administrator, and a selfless patriot. (D.N.B.; A) Var: Baikuntha Babu a 1:.238-39 2:222, 305-06 3:459 4:187, 191, 229 27: 33, 36, 41 XXI: 79 (B.N.S.)

Sen, Birendrachandra or Birendra (1894-1970), a revolutionary ofSylhet district who was jailed several times. In the Alipore Bomb Case he was sentenced to transpor- tation for life by the Sessions Court, but on appeal the sentence was reduced to seven years. After his release he came to the Sri Aurobindo Ashram and spent the rest of his life here. (S.B.C.; A.B.T.) D 4:290-91

Sen, Girindranath captain of the Swadeshi volunteers. Around 1907 he received at the hands of British justice a sentence of monstrous severity for a trifling offence, even being refused bail, although it was admitted- ly doubtful whether he ever committed the offence. (A) a 1:433

Sen, Hemchandra (born c. 1883), elder brother of Birendrachandra Sen of Sylhet. He was a co-accused with Sri Aurobindo in the Alipore Bomb Trial, but was acquitted by the Sessions Court. (P.T.I.; A.B.T.)  4:291

Sen, Kamini (1864-1933), daughter of Chandi Charan Sen. After her marriage with Kedar Nath Rai she

was known as Kamini Rai.She was the greatest woman poet of Bengal, very proficient at writing short poems. Two longer poems by her, Mahasvetd and Pundarika, are also well known. (N.B.A.) a 3: 101

Sen, Keshab Chandra (1838-84), a religious and social reformer of Bengal. Owing to his - piety, intelligence, indefatigable energy, and superb oratorial powers, he was appointed secretary of the "Brahmo Samaj" soon after he joined it in 1857. But differences arose between him and the president, Debendra- nath Tagore, and in 1865 Keshab Chandra was removed from all offices of the Samaj. The following year he founded the "Brahmo Samaj of India". Some time later, however, his more radical young followers disowned his leadership. He had in the meantime come in contact with Sri Ramakrishna Parama- hansa, and the last few years of his life he devoted to the propagation of Bhakti. (D.I.H.) Var: Keshav Chandra; Keshav Sen a 1: 147 3: 80, 99-100 22: 88 24: 1561 26: 121 27: 62

Sen, Keshav See Sen, Keshab Chandra Sen, Narendra Nath (1843-1911), a journalist of Bengal. After serving for some time on the staff of the Indian Field, he became in 1863 the editor of the Indian Mirror, and from 1870 its sole proprietor. He was a fear- less champion of the public interest and a devoted worker in the cause of national development. He could not, however, support the terrorist ideology, and strongly believed in the method of constitutional agitation. (Enc. Ind.; D.N.B.) a l: 137, 141, 156, 186, 234, 280-81, 409, 706 27:44

Sen, Nobin (1847-1909), a well-known Bengali writer and poet, regarded as one of the best epic poets of his time. He wrote several narrative poems, but his outstanding creation is his autobiography Amara Jibana in five volumes. (D.N.B.) Var: Nabin Sen; Nobin  3:80, 101 VI: 141

Sen, Prabodh Prabodh Chandra Sen (1897-1986), a scholar and teacher, gold- medallist M.A. of Calcutta University; he was professor of Bengali literature at Vishwa Bharati University from 1942 to 1962 and principal of Rabindra Bhavan from 1962 to 1965. He is the author of a dozen books in- cluding Chanda-Jijnasd on Bengali metre. IV: 140-42

Sen, Sachindra Sachindra Kumar Sen of Dacca. He was in Alipore Jail as an accused in the Manicktolla Conspiracy Case, but was acquitted by the Sessions Court. Sachindra was a good singer. (A.B.T.;A) 1-1 4:297, 310