-15_Glossary and Index Page 150 to 164.htm

Ibbetson, Sir Denzil Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson (1847-1908), English official in the I.C.S. from 1870. During the period 1870-83 he served in Punjab in many positions. Later he filled the posts of Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Revenue and Agriculture (1896-98), Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces (1898-1902), Member of the Governor-General’s Council (1902-05), and Lt. Governor of Punjab (1905-08). (S.F.F.; Wolpert, p. 247; Gilbert, p. 24fn.)  i: 303,344,354,373, 391,400 27:51-52

Iberia the Iberian Peninsula consisting of the countries of Spain and Portugal. The region is named after the ancient people called Iberians who are believed to have migrated from Africa in the Neolithic period. (C.O.D.;Col. Enc.)

 Der: Iberian 0 1:526 15:296 111:27-28

Iblis in Islam, the personal name of the Devil, probably derived from the Greek "diabolos". Iblis is the counterpart of the Jewish and Christian Satan. (Enc. Br.) n 7:580 13:163 27:263

Ibn Batata probably, Ibn Battiitah (1304-1368/69), the greatest medieval Arab traveller, author of one of the most famous travel books in history, the Rihiah. No other medieval traveller is known to have jour- neyed so extensively. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)

Der: Ibn Batatist n 7:678,683,685

(Ibn) Sawy a character – Alzayni’s chief Vizier – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers ofBassora. Var: Alfazzal (Ibn Sawy)  7:561,563-68,577-89,592,595,601-03,607, 613-22, 625,630,653, 656,661,665,667-69,671, 707,724-28,731-33,735 .

Ibrahim, Shaikh a character — super- intendent of the Caliph’s garden – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers ofBassora.  7: 561, 673-86,688-89,694, 696-99,704-05,733

Ibrahim Alhashhash bin Fuzfuz bin Bierbiloon alSandilani. See Alhashhash.

Ibsen Henrik (Johan) Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian poet and playwright, creator of modern realistic drama, and one of the greatest dramatists of all time. (Enc. Br.)  9:49,105 14:200,236 15:485

Icelandic Sagas Icelanders’ sagas, also called family sagas, are the class of heroic prose narratives written about the great families who lived in Iceland from AD 930 to 1030. They are a unique contribution to Western literature and are far in advance of any medieval literature in their realism, their controlled,

objective style, their powers of character delineation, and their over- whelming tragic dignity. (Enc. Br.) D XVII: 26

Ichalgurh’ name of a place, perhaps imaginary, in Rajasthan, India. a 7:739, 743,746,762,784,787-88, 790, 795,797-99,802-04

Ichalgurh2 Rao of Ichalgurh. See Pratap, Rao of Ichalgurh

I.C.S. See Indian Civil Service.

Ida classical name of a mountain in north- west Asia Minor, southeast of the site of ancient Troy. It was a seat of Zeus, who directed the Trojan War from there. (M.I.) a 5:391,394,398,400,408-09,412, 414,418-20,422, 439,448,450,463, 468,470, 474-75,492,499-500,509,511 9:419

Idalie another name of Renee, a character. See Renee (Beauregard)

Idandra the true name of Indra according to Aitareya Upanishad. (A) 12:360 XVII: 33

Idas a character in the poem Marpessa by Stephen Phillips. In Greek mythology, Idas was son of Aphareus, and the twin brother of Lynceus. He was in love with Marpessa, whom he carried off in a chariot given him by Poseidon. The twins were finally killed in a battle with their rivals, the Dioscuri. (Pears)  9:184

The Ideal of Human Unity a book by Sri Aurobindo, first published in 1919. It was a reprint of the series of essays with the same title published in Arya. It also included a preface and some other articles from Arya. (I&G)  17:402 27:347

The Ideal of the Karmayogin compilation of some articles by Sri Aurobindo from the weekly magazine Karmayogin, first published in 1918. The reference here (26: 372) is to the fourth (revised) edition of 1937. (A)  2:pre. 26:372

"L’ldee nouvelle" or the "New Idea", a society started by Mirra (the Mother) and Sri Aurobindo in 1914 for the practice of Vedantic Yoga. It was really a continuation of the Mother’s earlier Parisian group, "The Idea". Sri Aurobindo, Mirra, and Richard were all actively interested in this new society. It had its headquarters in Pondicherry, and a branch at Karikal. (A; Mother-1) 17:403 27:454,457

Idomeneus a legendary Cretan king. Though an old man, he led the Cretan contingent to the Trojan War. He was of Minos’s race and one of Helen’s suitors. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5: 475,477-78,486.491

Idylls of Earth and Heaven title of a work, possibly a collection of occult tales and so an alternative title for Idylls of the Occult. The story "The Phantom Hour" may have been written as part of this proposed collection. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Idylls of the King series of connected poems by Tennyson, published between 1842 and 1885 (the majority appearing in 1859), broadly surveying the legend of King Arthur. (Enc. Br.)  9:63,136,456

Idylls of the Occult See Idylls of Earth and Heaven

Ijjat Pasha name of a Turkish leader living about 1913.  XXII: 126

Ikbal Sufas perhaps an Assyrian name, mentioned by Sri Aurobindo in a dramatic fragment,  7:1088

Ikshvaku son of the Manu Vaivasvata, who was son of Vivasvat, the Sun. Ikshvaku was the founder of the Solar race of kings and reigned in Ayodhya at the beginning of the Treta Yuga. The Ikshvakus were a people, probably inhabiting either the valley of the upper Ganga (the BHAGIRATHIE), or a region in the northwest. (Dow.) Var: Ikshwacou;

Ixvaacou; Ixvacou  3: 164, 173, 190,193 5:226,319 8:5,23.39.88 13:137 VI: 155

Ila in the Veda, goddess of revelation; one of the five powers of the Truth-Consciousness - "the strong primal Word of Truth who gives us its active vision" (11: 32). In the Puranas, Ila is the daughter of Manu (Human Mind). Manu Vaivasvata instituted a sacrifice to Mitra and Varuna for the purpose of obtaining a son; but the officiating priest mismanaged the performance and the result was the birth of a daughter, Ila. Through the favour of the two deities, however, her sex was changed and she became a man, Sudyumna. Under the male- diction of Shiva, Sudyumna was again turned in to a woman and, as Ila, married BUDHA, and gave birth to Pururavas, thus becoming the mother of the Lunar dynasty. After that, by the grace of Vishnu, she once again became Sudyumna and was the father of three sons. (A;Dow.;I&G) D 3:270 5:204,206,216,218,223,225-27 7:909 8:39 10:34,68,89-91, 203, 304,312,374,377 11:32, 83,89,118,212,494 X:152 XIV: 110 XV:29 XVII: 51,53

Ilbert Bill a bill sponsored in 1883 by Sir C. P. Ilbert, the Law Member of the Viceroy’s Executive

Council. It sought to remove racial distinctions in India by enabling judges and magistrates who were Indian by birth to try Europeans, contrary to the provision of the Criminal Procedure Code of 1873 which had enacted that Europeans could be tried only by European judges and magistrates, except in Presidency towns where they could be tried by Indian magistrates and judges. The Anglo-Indian community carried on so great an agitation against the bill that the Government made some alterations in it, so that the - racial distinction that the Government wanted to remove not only continued but was extended to Presidency towns. The Ilbert Bill agitation aroused nationalist sentiment throughout the country. (D.I.H.; B.P.P., p. 40) n 4:196

Iliad Greek epic in 24 books, attributed to Homer. The poem tells the story of the wrath of Achilles and its disastrous con- sequences in the Trojan War. The opening lines of the Iliad were translated by Sri Aurobindo into English hexameters during his stay at Baroda. (Enc. Br.; A & R, 11:93)0 3:142-43,174,188,266,338 5:145 9:61,225,523 14:257 16:102 17:68-69 22:414 11:26 IV: 161 X: 148 XI: 15 XVI: 182

Ilian’ in Hindu mythology, a descendant of ILA, specifically PURURAVAS, grandson of the Moon; hence the race is more commonly known as the Lunar race (see Lunar Dynas- ty). (Dow.;A) n 3:190,268 5:201-02, 211,217.222-23 7:913,916,994 8:39 27:152 X: 150, 167

Ilian2 of Ilium (or llion) (M.I.) o 5:382. 392, 398,400,402,404,407,414,432,441-42,444, 447,459,463,483 7:853 VI: 135

llion or Ilium, a name of Troy as the city of ILUS. (M.I.) a 3:186 5:391-92,394-97,- 399, 401, 404, 408, 410, 412-15, 419-20, 422, 424-25, 427-28, 430, 432-35, 439-40, 442,461,465, 468,470,479,483,485,487,497,514 29:803 IV: 114

llion a poem by Sri Aurobindo; it is an unfinished epic in quantitative hexameters on a Homeric theme. The poem was "commenced in jail in 1909". Sri Aurobindo devoted much time to it between 1910 (the year he came to Pondicherry) and 1915, when he abandoned it. He again took it up in 1942, when a portion was revised for publication in Collected Poems and Plays. It was not until 1957 that a full version of the

poem, to the extent that it was completed by Sri Aurobindo, was published. (I&G) a 5:404 9:418 26:187 11:32-34 XXII: 164, 171

Iliones in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, a Trojan senator. (M.I.) a 5:412

Ilium See Ilion

The Illustrated Weekly of India English weekly magazine published from Bombay. It was started in January 1929 under the title The Times of India Illustrated Weekly, but in February of the same year the title was changed to the current form. (Cal. Lib.) n 26:344

Illyrian of the ancient country Illyria, a large, vaguely denned region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula north of Greece. It was occupied by tribes speaking an Indo-European language. (M.I.) n 5:419,435

lini name of an imaginary region containing woodlands. (A) n 7:1057,1059,1075

Ilus in Greek legend, a Trojan king, son of Dardanus (in another version, ofTros) and ancestor of Priam. He was one of the chief builders of Troy, which was named Ilion or Ilium after him. (M.I.) o 5:397-99,408, 410, 412, 416,418,420,422-23,425,427-28,434, 464,467

Imogen (Maynard) a character – Sturge’s sister – in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Phantom Hour", a 7:1017,1019,1024

Independent a sect of English Christians in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the Church of England and form independent local churches composed only of Christian believers. They eventually became known as Congregationalists. (Enc.Br.) 1-1 15:14

Independent’, The an English journal edited by Bepin Chandra Pal, perhaps the one launched by Motilal Nehru at Lucknow in 1919. (A;S.F.F.,p.l020)  17:364

Independent1 a Pondicherry paper whose sub-editor (c. 1913) was R. S. SHARMA. (A)  27: 431

Independent Labour Party British political party founded in 1893. See also Labour (Party), n 1:574 2:237

India1 official organ of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress in London, first published in 1890 with William Digby as editor. It was irregularly issued till 1892 when it became a monthly, and from 1898 to 1921 it came out as a weekly. (Enc. Ind.)  1:132,172,386 2:53

India2 a Tamil nationalist weekly started in Madras under the editorship of M. Srinivas Aiyengar. When He was jailed for sedition in 1908, three of those connected with the paper, the proprietor Thirumalachari, his cousin Srinivas Acharya, and the writer Subramania Bharati, decided to move their press to Pondicherry, where India was regis- tered in October 1908. The next month the proprietorship was transferred to Srinivas Acharya. The paper was discontinued in April 1910. (A;Auro-I) a 26:390 27:501

India3 Urdu weekly started by Lala Pindi Dass in 1907 at Gujranwala (in Punjab, now in Pakistan). A special feature of this weekly was a series of articles entitled "Shiva Sham- bhoo ka Chittha". (D.N.B.-III, p. 381) D 1:433

India House a mess-cum-lodge established in 1905 at 65 Cromwell Road, Highgate, London, by a Gujarati scholar-revolutionary- philanthropist Shyamji Krishnavarma, a barrister settled in London. India House became a centre of nationalist activities. As these activities increased, the lodgers began to be followed by British Intelligence agents. In 1907, when KRISHNAVARMA left for Paris, he handed over the management of India House to V. D. Savarkar. (V.V.S., pp. 13 and 15) a 2:121

Indian Association the association established in July 1876 by advanced members of the Calcutta middle class of Hindus with the idea of eventually bringing all India upon a common political platform. Surendra Nath Banerji was a very active member of this association. (G.M.I., p. 264) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Indian Civil Service or I.C.S. Composed of the higher administrative officials in British India, the I.C.S. owed its early organization to Warren Hastings, Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. Recruitment was by a highly competitive examination conducted for London applicants by the British Civil Service Commission and in India by the Federal Public Service Commission. After India became independent, a new service known as the Indian Administrative Service took the place of the I.C.S. (Enc.Br.)  1:132,524,578 4:pre. 17:368 26:3-4, 10,351 27:3 11:88-89 XVII: 66,73

(Indian) Daily News English daily of Calcutta, founded in 1864, and later purchased and edited by James Wilson. It was, according to Sri Aurobindo, an

"Anglo-Indian Sir Oracle" (1:455). From 1925 it was incorporated with Forward founded by C. R. Das. (Cal. Lib.; A)  1:393,455-57 2:216,247,291-92,331,356, 376 4:199,238

Indian Field a journal edited by Kishori Chand Mitra during the early days of Bankim’s literary career. NARENDRA NATH SEN was also on the staff for some time. (A;D.N.B.)  27:351

Indian Majlis an association of Indian students at Cambridge, of which Sri Aurobindo was a member and for some time the secretary. It was started during his stay at Cambridge. It played an important role in the social life of Indian students in England and very often moulded their political outlook. (Purani) ‘. n 26:4,10 (Indian) Mirror English daily of Calcutta; "a Government journal masking under the disguise of an Indian daily" (1:180). It was founded in 1861 as a fortnightly paper by Manmohan Ghose with financial assistance from Debendranath Tagore. In 1863 it was edited by Narendra Nath Sen, who became its sole proprietor in 1870. In 1876 the paper was converted into a daily by Keshab Chandra Sen. (Note: There was a British paper, the Daily Mirror, founded in 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. It may be that "Mirror" on p. 155 of Vol. 1 refers to this Daily Mirror.) (Enc. Ind.) n 1:96,137,140-41, 150-51,155-56,159,174,179-81,185,192,194, 234,256,268,278,280,283,295,303,345,409-10, 430 2:242 27:58

(Indian) Nation English weekly edited by N. N. Ghose. It was opposed to the national movement in its most vital features. (A)  1:244-45,255-56, 264,268,282-83,407,410, 430,505-06.518,540 2:242

Indian National Congress or I.N.C., also called Congress Party, a broadly based political party that dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain and formed India’s government in the years after 1946. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. 0. Hume, a retired English member of the I.C.S. The earlier objective of the Congress was to get a few more posts for the Indians in the services and thus a greater share in the administration of the country. (Enc. Br.;

Enc. Ind.) [Note: After 1969 the Congress split into a number of factions. Of them the most active and powerful today is the Congress (I), "I" standing for Indira Gandhi, who organized it. The word "Congress" is sometimes-also used loosely for the party's annual session.] Der: Congressmen a i: 3, 5-22,35,41-43, 46,55, 58, 85, 88, 91,118-19,121, 134,138,140-42,145,152,154-55,157-59,161, 166-69,171,173,176,181-83,185,191-97,200-04, 207,222-24,228,232,242, 246-47,317, 347, 360, 376, 387-88,428,437-38,496, 503, 523,569-72, 583-85, 587-91, 593-94, 597-98,610,617-19,623,

626,636-44,646-51, 746-48, 773-76,780-89, 819-20,822-26,830-33,838-41, 850-51, 858, 864-69, 878, 890-93, 895-99,906-07 2:75-76, 101-03,128-31,133,160-61,170,175-79,187, 190-91,197-98,201, 205-07, 215, 220-22,225,237, 259, 276,295-97, 303, 305-07, 314-16,320-24, 329-30,332,362,372,434 3:100 4:175, 178-79,183-87,190-91,193,199-203, 225-26,228, 231-32,237,239-40.278,283,323 17: 351,355, 358-59, 367-68 26:13,15,17,20,24-29,31, 35, 37, 39,42, 45-49,51-52,69, 402,410,413,429-30, 432-34 27:1-5,18, 33, 35-41,43, 59,63,67, 486, 499 1:2,5 III: 13 IV: 109-10 VIII: 121-27, 129,135 XIII: 51-52 XIV: 101-07 XVI: 194 XVII: 67-69 XXI: 52

Indian Ocean the ocean south of Asia between Africa and Australia. (Web.)  1:181 10:97

(Indian) Patriot an English daily of Madras, edited (c. 1909) by C. Karunakara Menon.  1:475-76,495-96,715-16 2:152 27:59-61

Indian Penal Code See Penal Code, Indian

Indian People English bi-weekly published by the Imperial Press, Allahabad, from 1907. (Cal. Lib.) D 1:648,809

Indian Review an English monthly founded in 1889 and published from Madras by G. A. Natesan & Co. It recorded important events of the national movement and became a paper of all-India fame. (Cal. Lib.; Enc. Ind.;S.F.F.)  2:398 3:179

(Indian) Social Reformer English weekly founded in 1890 and published from Poona (now spelled Pune). Primarily devoted to social reform, it continued to be published till April 1953. (Enc. Ind.) a 1:312,566, 648 2:68,408 4:250-51,268

Indian Sociologist English journal, a penny monthly started in January 1905 in London by Shyamji Krishnavarma as the organ of the Indian Home Rule Society. The paper later moved, with Krishnavarma, to Paris, and there changed its policy with the conversion of Krishnavarma to terrorism. It appeared regularly till July 1914. Its importation into

India was prohibited but copies continued to enter the country. (P.T.I.; A) a 2:121, 385 27:427 X: 186 XIX: 29

Indian World English monthly journal, a review of Indian politics and economics, arts and industries, history and literature, published from Calcutta from 1905 and edited by Prithwis Chandra Roy. (Cal. Lib.)  l: 101

India Office the building in Westminster, London, housing the offices of the Secretary of State for India and his staff.  1:343-44,388 2:80,203

Indies, The double both the East Indies and the West Indies, a m:28

Indira a name of the goddess Lakshmi, perhaps from her connection with the lotus (indivard). She issued from the petals of a blue lotus. (M.W.) D [Indexed with Lakshmi]

Indira a Bengali novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterji. It was originally a very small work of 45 pages, almost like the modern short story, published in book-form in 1873. But a year before his death, Bankim revised and enlarged it to 177 pages. This edition came out the same year (1893). (B.R.-I) a 3:91

Indo- combining form of "India", employed in modern compounds in which it qualifies another word, or denotes the combination of Indian with some other characteristic (chiefly ethnological). (O.E.D.) Indo-Alghan a 10:35 27:183 IV: 195 XIV: 120 XVII: 43

Indo-Aryan languages a sub-group of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, now spoken in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. (Enc. Br.) D 11:503 XIV: 121 Indo-British a 15:315 Indo-English poetry a 9:451,453,456 Indo-European The Indo-European races are speakers of Indo-European languages. Most of the languages of Europe and of a large part of southwestern Asia belong to the Indo-European family. The notable exceptions are Hungarian, Basque, Finnish, Lappish, Turkish and the Caucasian lan- guages. (Enc. Br.; Pears) n 10:554,558 Indo-French  17:403 Indo-Moslem D 14:223-24 Indo-Persian n 14:253 Indo-Saracenic  3:424 14:205,216 17:275

Indra the Hindu god of the firmament. In the Vedas he stands in the first rank of the gods. In the Rigveda the highest divine functions and attributes are ascribed to him. He is the ruler of our being, the Master of the world of Light and Immortality (Swar), the divine Mind, the devata of the under- standing and manas. In later mythology Indra has fallen into the second rank. He is inferior to the Triad, but he is the chief of all the other gods. He governs the weather and dispenses the rain. His weapon is the thunder- bolt. Indra’s names are many, including Maghavan and Shakra. (Dow.; I & G) a 1:834 3:170-71,177,299 4:22-23,30, 36-38,40,68,103,165,181 5: 67,198,538 7: 913,918,922,933,942,951-52,1001-02,1004, 1006-07,1009 8: 15, 20,22,29-30,33-34, 38,40, 56,66,68,70,103,118,126,132, 176,196,399 9: 205, 360 10: 10,15,19, 40-41,48, 55-56,65, 68-70,72-73, 75,80-82, 84-86,88,90,94,96,99, 106-08,114, 119-21,133-36,138-46,148-50, 154-55,157,161-64,167,169-72,176-77,181, 183-87,200, 203-05,207-09,211-12,215,218-20, 222-24,227-31,234-38,241-52, 254-58,260-62, 270-71,274,294,298-300, 302, 305, 307, 312-13, 319,322,324-29, 333, 335,341-42,362-63, 367, 370, 376-77,416-17,422,426-28,434-35, 438,440, 446-48,450-51,491-94,496-518,520, 522-23,541, 566 11: 11,13, 22-23,28,30-31, 33,44-45,47, 81,88,98,117-18,131-33,145,149,167,170,204, 212-13,241-42,255,294,301, 307, 309,335-36, 339-42, 361-62, 364, 388, 392,412,445-46, 454, 466,488,494 12:107,130,149-50,158,215, 217-19,262,300-01, 317, 319-20, 322,326,334-35, 360,363 13: 16,18-19,272,349 14: 266,275 16: 284 17: 85,257,259,339 18: 252 19: 702 21: 708 22: 82,110-11, 390 27: 158,169-70 II: 39,41-43,46,48,50-56 III: 66 IV: 127-29, 137,142-43,147 V: 6,10,27,68 VI: 144-49 VII: 35, 38 VIII: 145-50,160 IX: 3-8 X: 163-64,179 XIII: 54-60 XIV: 108,110, 112-14,130 XV: 6,11,13-14,20,22,28-30, 39-42, 44-45, 48-52 XVI: 130,149,159,162,166, 168-71,173-76, 179 XVII: 14-22, 32-33,45, 50-51, 54-60 XVIII: 170,172-76,180-85 XXI: 17,29-30,45

Indradyumna a proposed character - Ajamede’s friend and comrade – listed in the Dramatis Personae of Sri Aurobindo’s play The Prince of Mathura. a 7:891

Indrajit an epithet of Meghanada (or Meghnad), son of Ravana. In the Ramayana, when Ravana assaulted Indra’s forces in Swarga, Meghanada accompanied him and fought most valiantly. He bound

Indra and carried him off to Lanka. The gods headed by Brahma went there to negotiate the re- lease of Indra, and Brahma gave to Meghanada the name Indrajit, "conqueror of Indra". (Dow.) o 4:231 V:6,ll VI: 141

Indrani See Sachi

Indrany a character - Queen of Mathura – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Prince of Mathura. a 7:891,893-95,898

Indraprastha the capital of the Pandavas, whose war with the Kauravas is the central theme of the Mahabharata; it has been identified with the village of Indrapat in the vicinity of Delhi. (D.I.H.) Var: Indra- prustha a 5:223 8:38

Indrasen in the Mahabharata, name of the charioteer of the Pandavas. On Yudhish- thira’s orders, he went to Dwarka to bring Krishna from there to Indraprastha on the occasion of the Imperial Sacrifice. (M.N.) 0 8:38

Indraswarup, Paramahamsa Maharaj a yogi who lectured at the Gaekwar’s palace in Baroda. Sri Aurobindo heard his lecture, but did not go to see him or learn from him about dsanas or prandyama. (A)  26:19

Indu See Soma

Indumati in Hindu mythology, sister of Bhoja, king of Vidarbha, who chose Prince Aja for her husband at her svayamvara. She was killed when Narada’s garland fell on her while she slept in an arbour. (Dow.)  3:427

Indu (Prakash) an English-Marathi weekly magazine published from Bombay. It was founded in 1862 by a band of young men under the editorship of R. D. Ranade, a professor at Elphinstone College. Later the editorship was entrusted to N. G. Chandavarkar and the English section was edited by K. G. Deshpande after 1893. Sri Aurobindo contributed two series of articles to this journal. The term "Indu Prakash" means literally "moonlight", hence Sri Aurobindo’s taunting reference to it as Moonshine. (Enc.Ind.;A) o 1:3,9,14, 19, 25, 33, 39,45, 51,56, 263-64, 284,311,362, 381,626,648,818-19,838-41 3:73 4:278 26: 10,13, 23-24 XIV: 166

Indus great trans-Himalayan river rising in southwestern Tibet and flowing generally south-southwest through Kashmir and Pakistan, to the Arabian Sea. (Enc. Br.)  1:466 3:99 5:210,414,418,429,448, 468 6:32,256,347,363,380 8:61 10:97 14:373 16:284 111:11 VII: 30 XVI: 157

In Horis Aetemum title of a poem in a new metre, written by Sri Aurobindo on 19 April 1932. (A) D’5:581,588 9:415

Inquisition, The a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical court founded in the 13th century under Pope Innocent III which became a formidable weapon of the Church in dealing with charges of heresy. It was effectively set up in the various Catholic countries of the Continent, obtaining its fullest and most sweeping organization in Spain in the days of Ferdinand and Isabella, when Torquemada was made Grand In- quisitor and used its powers with terrible severity. (C.O.D.; Pears, p. L62) Der:

Inquisitors a 3:7 15:164,353,357

In the Moonlight a poem by Sri Aurobindo, written in the period 1895-1908, and first published in the collection Ahana and Other Poems (1915). (A;I&G) a 22:207 26:276

I.N.V. See Irish National Volunteers

lolaus a character – son of Cepheus and Cassiopea, King and Queen of Syria – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer. D 6:3,16,18, 20-26, 29, 32, 36-43, 48-54, 56, 66-74, 82-85, 88-89,93, 95-97, 100,105,107,121, 124, 126-30, 132,148,153,155, 157-58,160-61, 166,171,175-84,187-89, 192-93, 196-97

lonians members of one of the three divisions of ancient Greeks. They inhabited the south of Greece before the Dorian invasion drove many of them across the Aegean to the central part of the west coast of Asia Minor, which became known as "lonia". It was here that the earliest Greek literature and philosophy principally developed. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) Der: Ionic  3:199 5:13,479,500 6:15 17:296 27:280

Iran a country of southwestern Asia, universally known in English as PERSIA before March 1935; formerly a kingdom, it has been an Islamic republic since 1979. Its capital is Tehran. (Col. Enc.; Web. N.C.D.) Der: Iranian  1: 261 2: 117 3: 475 6: 399 10: 153 12: 37 XV: 5

Iraq an Arab kingdom (now a republic) of the Middle East, with Baghdad as the capital. (Enc.Br.)  15:506 26:395

Iravath See Airavata

Iravatie’ in the Mahabharata, a river of Punjab, now called the Ravi; it is one of the five rivers within the frontiers of which the Aryans originally dwelt. (A) Var: Iravathi D 5:246 27:156

Iravatie2 a character – second queen and "hitherto" favourite wife of Agnimitra – in Kalidasa’s play Malavikagnimitram, part of

which was translated by Sri Aurobindo under the title Malavica and the King. a 3:231, 273-74,289 8:135,142 X: 116, 122,155-56,176

Ireland an island, second largest of the British Isles; it was formerly entirely ruled by the British; presently four-fifths of the island comprises a republic made up of twenty-six counties. This Irish Free State was founded in 1921; by the constitution of 1937 the Gaelic name Eire was adopted. Northern Ireland (six counties) remains part of the United Kingdom. (Enc. Br.) Der: Irish (in senses other than the language); Irishman;

Irishmen n 1:23,38,53,97-98,104,175,189, 288,304,351,367-68, 390,413,501,559,637, 863 2: 56, 181-82, 271-72,367, 374, 379, 393-95, 399 3:3,13 4:213,274 5:11-12,14 7:886 9: 1.4-5, 38, 42, 107, 156-57,174,187,280,284, 287,462,548-51 12:499 14:398 15:32-33, 46, 268, 299. 306-10, 348-49, 412-13, 493-94,498, 506,512-15,517,519-21,625,646 17:244,298, 386-87 23:557 26: 1, 26,153,354,395,433 11:8,17,19 V: 17 XIII: 50 XVII: 67-68

Irish (language) the form of Gaelic spoken in Ireland. It has a literary history dating back to the 9th century AD. Scots Gaelic became separate from Irish Gaelic in the 13th century, though for literary purposes classical (Irish) Gaelic was employed in Scotland until the 18th century. (Pears) D 9:107,462,549 15:299 17:295

Irish National Volunteers "Irish Volunteers", a militant nationalist organization founded in November 1913. (Enc. Br.) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Iron Age the final technological and cultural stage in the Stone-Bronze-Iron Age sequence. The date of the full Iron Age, in which this metal largely replaced bronze in implements and weapons, varied geographically, beginning in the Near East and southern Europe about 1200 BC, but not in China until about 600 BC. Aside from work in iron, the chief contribution of the Early Iron Age to the material equipment of man was glass; and nothing of comparable importance was added by the Late Iron Age until the Industrial Revolution. (Enc. Br.;

Col. Enc.)  5:61 XIV: 119,144,153

Isabel Abelard a character – a daughter of Stephen – in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Door at Abelard".  7:1025,1027-28, 1033-35,1037-43

Isabella a poem by Keats, published shortly before his death in 1821. (Col. Enc.) a 9:130

Isaie French spelling of Isaiah, a Hebrew prophet of the eighth century BC, after whom the biblical Book of Isaiah is named. (Only some of the first 39 chapters are attributed to him.) He was a significant contributor to Jewish and Christian traditions. (Enc. Br.) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Isha (Isa), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri. a : 215

Isha (Isa), see Isha (Upanishad)1

Ishana (Isana), a name of Shiva or Rudra or one of his manifestations. He is the guardian of the northeast quarter. (Dow.) n 21:708

Ishany a character – a Rajpoot maiden in attendance on Comol Cumary – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Prince of Edur. a 7:739, 760-68,810-14

Isha (Upanishad)’ or Vajasaneyi, or Ishavas(h)yopanishad. The names Isha and Ishavasya come from the word(s) with which the first verse of the Upanishad begins. Comprising the last (40th) chapter of the Samhita of the Shukia (White) Yajurveda, the Isha contains only eighteen verses, yet is considered foremost among the Upanishads. (Up.K.) a 3:346 4:47,49-50,90 10:5, 199,213,336,466 11:464,468 12:pre.,63, 71,79,90,95,134,155,162-63, 206,224,393, 447, 511-12. 517-18, 520, 524.527 13:424-25 14:275 16:417 17:115,402 18:33,136,150, 175,218,267,271,365,388 19:636 20:354, 389,398,467 22:103,210 23:722 25:385 27:151,199,201,291, 297,300-01, 303-04, 309, 311,313-14,322,434 1:31,37-38 11:58,80 111:69 IV-.165.168 V: 39,45,67, 71-72,76 VI: 164,167,176 VIII: 156,160,163 IX: 19 XIV: 116,125,135,138.147,153 XV: 3,20 XVI: 188-89 XVII: 16, 33,59,70 XVIII: 155 XX: 144

Isha Upanishad1 title of a book by Sri Aurobindo, containing the Sanskrit text, an English translation and an analysis of the Isha Upanishad. It was first published in 1921, having come out serially in Arya in 1914-15. (I&G) D [Indexed with the previous entry]

Ishmaelite a descendant of Ishmael, the outcast son of Abraham and Hagar (Abraham’s concubine) according to the account in Genesis (Old Testament). The Ishmaelites were a group of nomadic tribes related to the Israelites most likely living east of the Gulf of Aqaba in northwestern regions of the Arabian Desert. They engaged in pastoral pursuits, caravan trading, and banditry. The Moslems consider the

Arabs the descendants of Ishmael, thus distinguishing themselves from the descendants of Isaac and Israel. Hence the contemptuous use of the name Ishmael among Jews and Christians is unknown in Islam. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.; Web.N.C.D.) a 3:46

Ishwara Krishna author of the philosophical treatise Sdnkhya-Kdrikas. (Dow.) D 13:63 17:291

Ishwari consort of the god Shiva. ("Ishwar" meaning "Lord" is a term often used for Shiva.) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Isis’ one of the most important goddesses of ancient Egypt, whose worship, originating under the New Empire (c. 1700-1100 Be), spread throughout Egypt until it was universal there and then extended into other lands of the Mediterranean world. In the early Christian times her cult was one of the most obstinate antagonistic forces met by the new teachings. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) D 15:165 17:169

Isis2 one of the four headstreams of the River Thames in England, itself known as Thames or Isis. It rises near Cirencester. (Col. Enc.) D 3:486

Isis Unveiled the principal two-volume work (1877) of Mme Blavatsky which soon became the text-book for Theosophists. It is a compilation of mysticism, stories and archaeology, which hints at a lost knowledge that had been familiar to the initiates of antiquity. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Unex.) a 1:187 XIII: 30

Islam or Mahomedanism, a world religion founded by the Arabian apostle or prophet, Mohammad, in the 7th century AD. It em- phasizes an uncompromising monotheism and a strict adherence to certain religious practices. Although there have been many sects and movements in Islam, all followers of Islam are bound by a common faith and a sense of belonging to a single community. (Enc. Br.) Der: Islamic; Islamism;

Islamites n 1:190,261,391.402.413,602, 620. 644-45, 712, 722, 757, 800-01, 844 2:19, 23-24,84,217.228.246,252.259.356 3:4 4:71. 107, 125. 247. 260 7: 567, 573. 598. 621, 655, 660 14: 15, 37, 76, 90. 131, 136, 367-68, 380, 419. 427 15:32,268.294,303.352,373,412 16:310, 394 17:117.169,181,371 26:484 27:286 I: 31 II: 58 III: 16 VIII: 195 XVI: 180

Isles of the Blest or Fortunate Isles, in classical and Celtic legend, islands in the Western Ocean. There the souls of favoured mortals were received by the gods and lived happily in paradise. The Canaries and the Madeira Islands

were sometimes identified with them. See also Elysium. (Col. Enc.) Var: Island of the Blest D 5:106,420,534

Ismenia (Ostrocadiz) a character sister of Count Conrad – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Maid in the Mill. a 7: 821, 825-26, 829, 836-40, 849, 851, 856-61, 863. 865-70, 874-75, 877-79

Ispahan or Isfahan (the name formerly appeared as Ispahan), city in central Iran, midway between Teheran and Shiraz. It was, in the past, several times capital of Persia (Iran). (Col. Enc.) a i: 634

Israel’ the Jewish people, descendants of Jacob, who was also called Israel. The phrase "These be thy gods, 0 Israel!" is from the Bible (Exodus 32.4) (Enc. Br.) D 1:258 2: 156,239

Israel2 a kingdom (since 194S a republic) at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Old Testament, the term "Kingdom of Israel" is used to designate two political units: the united kingdom of Israel under kings Saul, David, and Solomon that lasted from c. 1020 to 922 BC; and the northern kingdom of Israel including the territories of the ten northern tribes, that was established in 922 BC. The southern kingdom, ruled by David’s dynasty, is thereafter referred to as Judah. (Enc.Br.) a 15:263,342

Israelite in the broadest sense, a JEW, a descendant of the Jewish patriarch Jacob, whose name was later changed to Israel. (Note: A citizen of the modern state of Israel is designated by the term Israeli, which has no religious or ethnic connotations.) (Enc.Br.) n 2:239 5:14

Iswara Chandra See Gupta, Iswara Chandra

Italian (language) the official language of Italy’s 50 million people, also spoken by about half a million in Switzerland. Adding emigrant speakers, who exceed 10 million, and speakers in former Italian colonies in Africa (Libya and Ethiopia), the total number of speakers of the language comes to as many as 65 million. Italian, the most direct descendant of Latin, is related to the other Romantic languages, such as French and Spanish. (Pears) n 3: 79 5: 342 9: 6, 60,140,311,396 10:571 14:192 15:410 26: 1,3,266 27: 89, 92 I: 7 XVII: 66. 73

Italy country (now a republic) of southern Europe. (Col. Enc.) Der: Italian (in senses other than the language); Italianised;

Italianising a 1: 23,48,306, 311,335,362, 379,411,499,501,505-06, 519,525,567,605,722, 737, 768, 876-77, 881 2: 34,162-66,170,254, 410 3: 10, 69-70,100,137,225, 424,480-82 4: 154,212,278 5: 420 6: 543 9:18,42,44, 47,60-63,134 14: 174,192,204-05,213,247, 363, 367 15: 17, 85, 91,196,254,263-64,268, 287,289, 296, 327-28,342-45, 347-48,353,357, 375,381,390,410-11,419,445,450,466,479,485, 498,502,504-05, 512, 519,522,549,625 17: 248, 314, 386 22: 185 26: 17,339, 382 27: 67, 466 I: 7 VIII: 132 XV: 79 XX: 134,147 XXI:71,88

Ithaca in Greek legend, the centre of the island-kingdom of Odysseus, in the Ionian Sea west of the Gulf of Corinth. (M.I.) Der: Ithacan (in Ilion, the term usually refers to Odysseus) o 3: 3 5: 400,407,481, 491 8: 409

Ito, Prince (Hirobumi) (1841-1909), Japanese statesman, the outstanding figure in the modernization of Japan. He was assassinated by a Korean in 1909. (Col. Enc.) a 2:256-58 4:81,156-57 27:122-24

Itylus in Sri Aurobindo’s epic Ilion, a Hellene warrior killed by Penthesilea. (M.I.) D 5:515

I.U. See Isha Upanishad.

Ivans Sri Aurobindo probably means the following two Russian rulers named Ivan:

Ivan III or Ivan the Great (1440-1505), Grand Duke of Moscow (1462-1505); and Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible (1530-84), Grand Duke of Moscow, first to bear the title of czar. He took over the government in 1544 and was crowned czar in 1547. (Col. Enc.) a 15: 356

Ixva(a)cou See Ikshwaku

lyengar, K. R. Srinivasa (1908- ), professor of English (1947-66) and vice- chancellor (1966-68), Andhra University, who came under the influence of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother in 1942. He is the author of over twenty books, including biographies of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother, each in two volumes. The book referred to here (26: 252) is the first edition (1945) of Sri Aurobindo, the two drafts of which (known as "Homage" at that time) were seen by Sri Aurobindo. D 26:252

lyer, N. P. Subramania Indian astrologer of Tanjore, author of Kalaprakasika. (A) D 17:283,289

J

J abbreviation of a personal name.

a xix: 21

Jaafar (bin Bannak) a character – a Vizier of Haroun-al-Rashid, the Caliph of Bagdad - in(Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers of Bassora. Historically, he was assassinated in AD 803. 0 5:277 7:561,599,687-91,693, 704-05,721,723,729-31,733

Jabala (Jabala), mother of SATYAKAMA JABALA a VI: 157

Jabalpur second largest city of the Madhya Pradesh state in central India (formerly, of the province known as "Central Provinces"), and administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district and division. (Enc. Br.) 1:73

Jackson the District Magistrate of Nasik who was shot dead on 21 December 1909. He had committed Ganesh Savarkar (see Savarkar’) fortrial. (H.F.M.I., p. 440) n 4:236

Jack the Ripper pseudonymous murderer of at least seven women, all prostitutes, in or near the Whitechapel district of London’s East End, from 7 August to 10 November 1888. The case, which was never solved, has retained its hold on the British and American popular imagination. (Enc. Br.) n 26:378

Jacob later named Israel, in the Bible, the younger of the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah, and the traditional ancestor of the people of Israel. Esau was the older son. In Genesis 27, Isaac asks Esau, whom he pre- ferred, to bring him meat and receive his blessings. Rebekah, who preferred Jacob, had Jacob bring savoury meat to Isaac so that he would be the one to receive his father’s blessings. Isaac, who could not see, recognized Jacob by his voice, but when he felt Jacob’s hands, he was deluded into thinking that Jacob was Esau, as he claimed to be. Thus Jacob, with his mother’s help, received the blessings which the dying Isaac had intended for Esau. (Enc. Br.)  1:172,394

Jacobin(s) member(s) of the most famous political group of the French Revolution, who led the Revolutionary government from mid-1793 to mid-1794. The group was originally formed in 1789. (Enc. Br.)  15:326,416,422,510,515,642 17:169

A Jacobite’s Epitaph a poem by Macaulay. (A) a 26:6

Jacques or Jaques, a character – one of the lords attending on the banished Duke – in Shakespeare’s comedy As You Like It. (Shakes.)  12:470 27: 207

Jadabharata (Jada Bharata). According to legend. King Bharata (see Bharat(a)2), was greatly attached to a fawn in his last moments. After his death, therefore, he had to take birth as a deer. On leaving the body of the deer, he was reborn in a Brahmin family, a realised soul from his very child- hood who intentionally simulated stupidity (jadata) all his life and was therefore known as Jadabharata. His account occurs mJdbala Upanishad and Bhavisya Purdna. (Bhakta Ch.;M.W.) Var: Jada Bharata  22:57, 96 26: 118 IV: 168

Jadhav, Anandrao See Anandrao

Jadhav(a), K. B. (or Khaserao) See Khaserao

Jadhav, Lieutenant Madhavrao Madhavrao Bhagwantrao Jadhav (c. 1873- ? ), Khaserao’s younger brother, and Sri Aurobindo’s most intimate friend at Baroda. He opened a fund for Sri Aurobindo’s de- fence in the Manicktolla Conspiracy Case. In 1905, Madhavrao studied military science in Europe, and in 1907, under a recommendation from the Russian Legation, he was permitted to study the Swiss army and its organisation, but he left at the end of the manoeuvres through fear of being detected by the British officers who were present there. He was for a time Adjutant of the Gaekwad’s bodyguard, and in 1913, a captain in the 2nd Regiment of the State Infantry. (A; P.T.I., p. 385)  IV: 196,198

Jadhavas See Yadava(s)

Jagai (and) Madhai Jagannath and Madhava, two Brahmin brothers, Kotwals (police inspectors) of Nadia appointed by the ruler of GAUDA in the days of Gauranga (Chaitanya). They were vicious, diabolical men, subjecting the terror-stricken people to all sorts of atrocities, including rape, kidnap- ping and murder. But eventually they came under the spell of the kirtana (melodious chanting of the divine Name) of Gauranga and his followers. Feeling extremely remorseful, they surrendered themselves at the feet of Gauranga. By his grace these sinners were converted into saints and God-lovers. (Ch. Ch.) D 1: 853 9:426 23:553,609

Jagannath "Lord of the world", a particular form of Vishnu, or rather of Krishna, which is worshipped in Orissa and other parts of India. The main seat of worship is Puri, near Cuttack, where there is a big

temple dedicated to the deity. See also Juggernaut.

(Dow.)  4:59,113-15 23:550

Jagannather Rath "The Chariot of Jagannath", an article in Bengali, entitled in manuscript "Samajer Katha" (About Society). It was written by Sri Aurobindo in 1918 for publication in the journal Prabartak. In 1921, along with some other articles, it was pub- lished in book form under the title Jagannather Rath by the Prabartak Publishing House of Chandernagore. (A; SABCL, Vol. 4, "Note")  4: pre. VII: 15

Jagannathganj a town of Bengal (now in Bangladesh), about forty miles west of Mymensingh. (S. Atlas) 4: 248

Jagat S(h)eth a title meaning "the banker of the world" conferred on Fatehchand, a very rich banker in Bengal, by the Emperor of Delhi in  1723. The title was borne also by his successors. The English entered into a secret agreement with the second Jagat Seth who helped them with large funds before and after the Battle of Plassey. (Enc. Ind.)  1:635,865

Jahajpur probably modern Jajpur, a town in Cuttack district of the state of Orissa. (S. Atlas)  3: 85

Jahnavie a name or epithet of the River Ganga. The descent of the Ganga on the earth disturbed the sage Jahnu as he was performing a sacrifice, and in his anger he drank up the waters. But he relented and allowed the river to flow from his ear, hence the Jahnavi. (Dow) D [Indexed with Ganga]

Jaimini (fl. c. 200 BC; according to some, 600 BC), a celebrated Indian sage and philosopher, a disciple of Vyasa. He was the founder of the Purva-mimarhsa philosophy. (Dow.; Enc. Br.) D 13:80 VIII: 183 IX: 18

Jainism a religion founded in the 6th century , BC by Vardhamana Mahavira on the basis of principles taught by Parsvanath, an earlier sage. The followers of Jainism are known as Jains. They consider themselves Hindus, though differing in certain philosophical and theological principles. Jainism accepts the doctrine of Karma and Rebirth but rejects the authority of the Vedas, the caste system, and the practice of animal sacrifice. The main feature is the practice of Ahimsa (non-injury); the motto is "Ahimsa paramo dharmah". (D.I.H.) a 1:481,803 3:422 9:483 14:125,130,308,358 15:165 16:28, 365 17:276 22:69,108 VII: 4,16 VIII: 134

Jaipur capital of the Indian state of Rajasthan, and headquarters of Jaipur district. Formerly it was a princely state with the city of Jaipur as its capital. Jaipur’s famous arts and crafts include the making of jewelry, enamel, metalwork, and printed cloths, as well as stone, marble, and ivory carving. (Enc.Br.) n 111:27

Jai Singh (fl. 17th cent.; d. 1667), the chief of Amber (a town five miles north of Jaipur). He played a prominent part late in the reign of Shah Jahan and early in the reign of Aurangzeb. Employed by Aurang- zeb in the campaign in the Deccan, Jai Singh pressed Shiva ji so hard that the latter was obliged to conclude with him in 1665 the treaty of Purandhar. (D.I.H.) a 3:483-85

Jaiwant, Ramkrishna Raoji one of the persons who received Sri Aurobindo at Nasik Road station on 24th January 1908. a 1:1

Jalasuka a village of Sylhet district in the former province of Assam (now in Bangladesh). (A) a 4:193

Jalpaiguri the administrative headquarters of Jalpaiguri district and division in West Bengal state (formerly in the province of Bengal), just west of the Tista River. (Enc. Br.) a 1:133,262

Jamadagni (Bhargava) a Vedic Rishi, a descendant of Bhrigu, whose name is fre- quently mentioned in the Rig-veda, and in some passages, even as the author of the hymn. He was the son of Richika and Satyavati, and the father of Parasurama. (V. Index; Dow.) a 3:190 8:39 11:424

Jamalpur a town in Mymensingh district of Bengal (now in Bangladesh), about 30 miles west of the town of Mymensingh. (S. Atlas) 0 1:145, 148-49, 151, 285-87, 302, 321, 324, 331, 345-46, 353-54, 358, 371-72, 376,403,410,440

James See James, William

James VI (1566-1625), King of Scotland from 1567 when he was one year old. Later, when Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, he also became James I, King of England, but was never as well-liked there as in Scotland. (Enc.Br.)  3:264 7:1048 X: 147

James, King See previous entry.

James, the first King of England (1603-25). See James VI.  3: 265 X: 147

James, W(illiam) (1842-1910), American philosopher and psychologist. In 1890 he published his Principles of Psychology, in which the germs of his philosophy were already discernible. He was the leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism,

which had a galvanizing effect on American thought. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 9:560 14:57,420 16:96 ’17:320 23:520 26:384 IX: 17

Jamidar Sabha See Lords, House of Jamouna;

Jamuna See Yamuna

Jana See Jana(loka)

Janak(a) also known as Videh; in the story of the Ramayana, the father of Sita, and king of the country called VIDEHA, remark- able for his great knowledge, sanctity, and non-attachment. He was a contemporary of Yajnavalkya, Swetaketu, and other sages. Yajnavalkya was his priest and adviser. (Dow; V. Index) Var: Janac; Junak a 2: 29,397 3: 213 8: 11,16,21, 86 12: 460-61 13: 108-09,127 14: 280 16: 412 17: 90-91 20: 259,317 22: 96 23: 676 26: 129-30 II: 59,69-70, 72 IV: 168 V: 63 VI: 166,175 VIII: 179 XIV: 127 XVII: 32

Janaki Nath a leader of Pun jab whom the Chief Court declared (c. 1907) guilty in the Rawalpindi Riot Case, without hearing the case. (A) a 1:432

Jana(loka) the lowest of the three supreme worlds of the Hindu cosmology in the Pura- nic formula; "world of creative delight of existence" (11: 23). It is called Janaloka in the dual sense of "birth" and "delight" carried by the word "jana". (Dow.; A) a 4: 29 10: 42, 171,197, 271 11: 23 12: 122, 515 17:62 20:485 XV: 33,46-47 XVI: 144-45 XIX: 32

Janamejaya in the Mahabharata, a great king, great-grandson of Arjun. His father, Parikshit, died from the bite of a serpent, and so Janamejaya performed a great sacrifice of serpents (Naga-Yajna). (Dow.) Var: Janamejoya; Janmejoya  3: 199 6: 227, 257 26: 397

Janardan(a) "the adored of mankind", "to whom people turn in prayer", an epithet of Krishna. D [Indexed with Krishna]

Janashruti (Janasruti), in Hindu mythology, a wealthy and generous Shudra who was directed by two swans to approach Raikwa, a realized B rahmin, for knowledge. (B. P. C.)  14: 146

Janina sometimes spelled Janinna or Yannina, and more often known as loannina; a city on Lake loannina in Epirus, north- western Greece. It dates from the medieval times. Its people are Albanian and Greek. Conquered by the Turks in 1438, it became the seat of a Pasha. In the First Balkan War, the Turkish garrison surrendered (early in 1913) to the Greeks after a long siege, and loannina passed to Greece. (Col. Enc.) n XXI: 71 XXII: 138

Janmabhumi a weekly journal of South India, which published in 1920 a nonsensical unauthorised summary of Sri Aurobindo’s opinions, representing him as an enthusiastic follower of Mahatma Gandhi. Sri Aurobindo had to contradict this publicly through the Standard Bearer (L. to Sl.; A)  27: 498-99

Janmejoya See Janamejaya

Janus in Roman religion, the god of "beginnings" whether temporal or spatial. As the god of spatial beginnings he presided over gates and doors, and as the god of temporal beginnings, over the first month of the year (which bears his name). He was usually represented with a double-faced head, bearded or unbearded, placed back to back. Occasionally he was even four-faced as the spirit of the four-way arch. Janus was also known as the god of war, war and peace being his two faces. The doors of his temple were opened in times of war, and closed in times of peace. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.; C.W.N..VII: 431)  12: 49 15: 653 22: 490

Japan country occupying a crescent-shaped archipelago off the east coast of Asia. Japan proper has four main islands: Shikoku, Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu. (Enc. Br.) Der: Japanese (in senses other than the language) a 1:62-63.67-68,85-87,219,225, 230,236.257,259-61, 379, 468,481,487,527,549, 567-68. 620, 712, 813-15, 844 2: 34, 40, 110, 192-93, 231, 247-49, 256-58, 264, 390 4: 156-57, 187-88,195,208,214 7: 598,1020,1039, 1041-42 9: 236, 245, 381-82,443, 462, 561 13:47 14: 11,34,78,191,201,212,237,247, 254,402,412 15: 33,61,293.301,328,331-32, 352, 354, 356, 376,411,419,445-46, 502, 566, 626 16:323 17:181,185,193,245.275,279 22:343,443.490 23:556 24:1635 25:228 26: 39,68, 233, 479 27: 67-68, 117, 122-24,282, 284-85,466-67 1:25 111:1-2,4 IV: 161 VIII: 129, 173 IX: 32 XVI: 182

Japanese (language) the language spoken by Japan’s 95 million people and by some people in Korea and Hawaii. Dating from at least the 5th century AD, it has been considerably influenced throughout its history by Chinese, both in speech and script. (Pears)  17: 181

Japhet Japheth, in the Old Testament, the youngest of Noah’s three sons. (A "cultured son of Japhet" denotes an Indo-European, as distinguished from a Hamite or a Semite.) (Web.) n VI: 195

Jar large zodiacal constellation known as Aquarius in Latin, and as Kumbha in Hindu astronomy. It resembles the form of a man pouring a stream of water from a jar. It is the llth sign of the zodiac. (Col. Enc.) n 17: 257-58, 260

Jarad-drashta a Sanskrit version of the name ZOROASTER as given by Sri Aurobindo. a II: 38

Jarasandh(a) in the Mahabharata, king of Magadha. His father Brihadratha gave this name to him because he, having originally been born in two halves to his two queens and so thrown away, had been put together by the Rakshasi Jara. Jarasandha was an ardent worshipper of Shiva. He beseiged Mathura eighteen times and attacked Krishna who had killed Kansa, the husband of two of his daughters. Jarasandha was, however, defeated each time. He was later killed by Bhima. (Dow.)  3:191,193-94, 218 4: 93-94 8: 39-46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57-58

Jaratkarna "old ear", name or epithet of the Vedic Rishi Sarpa Airavata (author of Rig-veda.X.76). (M.W.)  11:414

Jarat-karu name of a Rishi of Yayavar’s family that occurs in the Mahabharata, and is supposed to be the origin of the name ZOROASTER. He married a sister of the great serpent Vasuki. (M.N.;Dow.) Var: Joruthcaru a 5: 252 II: 38

Jasoda in the Mahabharata, wife of the cowherd Nanda and foster-mother of Krishna. The incident referred to here (25: 89) is as follows. The Gopis once saw Krishna eating mud and informed Yasoda of it. Yasoda, in great anger, opened the child’s mouth to look for the mud and saw there all the worlds and herself also. She closed her eyes in great alarm. (Dow.; Pur. Enc.) a 25: 89

Jaswant Rai (c. 1875- ? ) of Hissar (Punjab). In 1904 he started the newspaper Punjabee at Lahore, and was prosecuted for an article in 1906. He gave up journalism in 1910 and took to business in Karachi. (P.T.I.)  1:266

Jat The Jats are a sturdy peasant tribe or caste widely distributed in northern India and Pakistan, and varying in religion and occupation. They first emerged politically in the 17th century. (Enc. Br.)  1:279 27:51 IX: 1,2

Jatakas, the "birth" stories of the Buddha in previous existences. They form a vast literature written in Pali, and afford an interesting account of the social and political condition of India in those times. (D.I.H.)  14:256,306 22:403

Jatayu in the Ramayana, name of a vulture, son of Garuda, who fought furiously against Ravana to prevent him from carrying away Sita, and was fatally wounded in the attempt. (Dow.)  3:427 22:416

Jaures probably Jean Leon Jaures (1859-1914), French Socialist leader and writer. He was assassinated. (Web.)  27: 472

Java (Java), in the Ramayana, father of the Rakshasa Viradha and husband of Satahrada.  8: 23

Java2 (Java), an Indonesian island in the Malaya Archipelago, east of Sumatra and west of Bali. It had contact with India from very ancient times. In historical times Hindu colonists went and settled there. Java abounds in Hindu and Buddhist monuments. India’s requirements of sugar in the days of the British were met mostly by Java. (Enc. Br.) Der: Javan; Javanese  4: 195,203 7: 598 14: 205,223,236-37,241 17: 301-02

Jawaharlal Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889- 1964), the first Prime Minister (1947-64) of independent India. From 1929, when he first became the president of the Indian National Congress, Jawaharlal was constantly in the forefront of the national struggle for free- dom. As Prime Minister he soon rose to the status of a world statesman. He was a great orator and a writer of distinction. His Autobiography (1936) aroused world-wide interest. Of his other works, two are very popular: The Discovery of India and Glimpses of World History. (D.I.H.) 9: 454

Jaxartes river (modern Syr Darya) of central Asia flowing westward into the Aral Sea. (M.I.) 1-1 5: 416 6: 380

Jaya in Hindu mythology, Jayavati, one of the friends of Parvati, the consort of Shiva. Jaya looked after Skanda, a son of Parvati, almost as his mother. (M.W.) a 3: 308

Jayadeva (fl. late 12th cent.), a celebrated Indian poet of Bengal, author of Gita- Govinda, a book of Sanskrit lyrics on the early life and love of Krishna as Govinda (the cowherd), and Radha. Jayadeva

graced the court of King Lakshmana Sena of Bengal (c. 1180-c. 1202). (Dow.; D.I.H.) P 3: 260 14: 256,299 17: 306

Jayadratha in the Mahabharata, a prince of the Lunar race, king of Sindhu. He was an ally of the Kauravas and was killed by Arjuna on the 14th day of the battle. (Dow.) 0 3: 191 4: 76 13: 370

Jayanta in Hindu mythology, son of Indra, born of Paulomie or Sachi. (Dow.)  7:1001

Jayasena a proposed character – keeper of the door in the royal seraglio – mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Malavica and the King, an incomplete translation ofKalidasa’s Mdlavikdgnimitram by Sri Aurobindo.  8: 135

Jayaswal, KashiPrasad (1871-1937), a pioneer in diverse fields of Indology. His main field of activity, however, was research in Indian history and culture. He is author of Hindu Polity, a study of ancient civic assemblies of India. He illumined many dark corners of Indian history. Jayaswal was a prime mover in starting the Patna Museum and the Bihar Research Society. (D.N.B.) 0 14:352

J.C.B. very probably the initials of Jagadis Chandra Bose (1858-1937), plant physiologist and physicist whose invention of highly sensitive instruments for the detection of the minute responses of living organisms to external stimuli enabled him to anticipate the parallelism between animal and plant tissues noted by later bio-physicists. His work and genius were recognized and he was knighted. Sir Jagadis Chandra founded and directed (1917-1937) the Bose Research Institute, Calcutta. He attended the marriage of Sri Aurobindo in 1901. (Enc. Br.; Purani, p. 50) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Jean Christophe a ten-volume novel (1904-12 in French; English translation, 1910-13) by Remain Rolland. In the form of the life story of a German-born musician, it is filled with appraisals of contemporary French and German civilization. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 9:557

Jeanne d’Arc See Joan of Arc

Jeans, Sir James Sir James (Hopwood) Jeans (1877-1946), English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He is known for his important work in the application of mathematics to problems of physics and astronomy, but perhaps best known as a writer of popular books about astronomy. (Col. Enc.) n 22: 205-06,210-12 26: 385-87

Jean Valjean the hero (an ex-convict) of Victor Hugo’s novel Les Miserables. (Ox. Comp.) D 9: 330

Jeffreys George Jeffreys (1648-89), 1st Baron Jeffreys ofWem; English Lord Chancellor. A notoriously cruel judge, he was responsible for the judicial murder of Algernon Sidney and for the brutal trials of Richard Baxter and many others. (Col. Enc.)  i: 443

Jehangir (1569-1627), Moghul Emperor of India from 1605 to 1627. (Col. Enc.)  14: 320

Jehovah principal name of God in the Old Testament; it is a modern approximation of "Yahweh", the ancient Hebrew name of God. (C.O.D.;Col.Enc.;Web.)  2: 156 9: 309 15: 425 16: 181 17: 384

Jehovah-Moloch a personality possessing the characteristics of both JEHOVAH and MOLOCH, 16: 181

Jenghiz Jenghiz Khan (11677-1227), Mongol conqueror, originally named Temuchin. His wars were marked by ruthless carnage, but he was a brilliant ruler whose empire lasted until 1368. Tamerlane was descended from him. (Col. Enc.) Var: Jenghis  9: 410 16: 203 V: 89

Jenkins, Sir J. a person whose death was foreseen by Sri Aurobindo in a lipi (writing seen in subtle vision)Earlier he had received the news of his illness. (A) n XIX: 46

Jenkins, Sir Lawrence Sir Lawrence Hugh Jenkins (1858-1928). Chief Justice of the High Court, Bombay (1899-1908); Member of the Viceroy’s Council (1908-09); Chief Justice of the High Court, Calcutta (1909- 15). In this last capacity, in a Special Bench with Justice Carnduff, he heard the appeal in the Alipore Bomb Case (1909) and gave judgment on 23 November 1909. There was a difference of opinion between the two judges in respect of five of the appellants. (Gilbert, p. 137; A.B.T.)  2:289

Jenkins School a school located perhaps in Cooch Behar, formerly a native state. (A)  1: 394

Jerico an ancient city of Palestine, in the Jordan valley five miles north of the Dead Sea. Destroyed and rebuilt several times in its history, it is famous as one of the earliest continuous settlements in the world. The archaeological site of Jerico dates back to c. 9000 BC. Excavations early in the present century have revealed walls believed to be those of the first Jerico. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) a 1:7,9,, 325

Jerimadeth a name of a place, Jerahmeel, in southern Palestine. The name is also found in various other forms: Jerimoth, Yarmouth, Yeramedi. a 26: 340

Jeronimo a character – a student – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Maid in the Mill. Var: Geronimo D 7:821,876

Jerusalem a holy city of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and the disputed capital of the state of Israel. (Enc. Br.) 3: 455 15: 609 17: 82 26: 447

Jessore name of a district and its headquarters, in the Khulna division of Bengal (now in Bangladesh); the town of Jessore is on the Bhairab River. (Enc. Br.) 0 1:262,452 2:360 3:77,83 27:64 1:22

Jesuit member of the Society of Jesus, a religious order of Roman Catholic Church founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1533; (Col. Enc.;C.O.D.) Der: Jesuitic  3: 164 I: 59

Jesus See Christ, Jesus i

Jetri a Vedic Rishi, son of Madhuchchhan- das. (A)  10: 56

Jeunesse Sportive See J.S.A.S.A.

Jew (Hebrew "Yehudi") originally, of Judah, either a member of the tribe of Judah, or a native of the subsequent kingdom of Judah (in contrast to the rival kingdom of Israel to the north). The Jewish people as a whole, initially called Hebrews, were known as ISRAELITES from the time of their entrance into the Holy Land to the end of the Babylonian Exile (538 ac). Thereafter, the term Yehudi signified all adherents of Judaism. In the modern world a definition of "Jew" satisfactory to all is virtually impossible, for it involves ethnic and religious issues that are both complex and controversial. In daily life, for example, those who consider themselves Jews are generally accepted as such by Jews and non-Jews alike, even though such persons may not observe religious practices. From a purely religious standpoint. Gentile converts to Judaism are accepted as Jewish in the fullest sense of the word, but orthodox Judaism extends full rights only to those converted to orthodoxy. (Enc. Br.) Der: Jewish (= Judaic) n l: 412,740,802 3: 26 7: 727 14: 63 15: 86, 263, 268, 299,424, 646 21: 538 22: 306,470 26: 168,483 V: 75-77,79 XIII: 36 XIV: 145

Jew of Malta Barabas, a rich Jew of Malta, the chief character of Marlowe’s blank-verse play The Jew of Malta, produced about 1592 but not’published until 1633. (Ox. Comp.)  3:306

Jhalakati a small town in Barisal district of Bengal (now in Bangladesh); it was on a river route and had the biggest market in lower Bengal. (A) n 2:45,57-58,63,151

Jhelum westernmost of the five rivers of Punjab that drain into the Indus River in Pakistan. It rises from a deep spring at Vernag in the Indian sector of Jammu and Kashmir state. Meandering through the Vale of Kashmir, the Wular Lake, and the Pakistan sector of Jammu and Kashmir, the Jhelum flows southward into Pakistan to join the Chenab River near Trimmu. (Enc. Br.) n 10:136 26:352 IV: 194

Jihun a river, if not imaginary, then probably in Iran. (A) a 3:475

Jinahbhai name of a Hindu, one of whose descendants, converted to Islam, was Mohammed AliJiNNAH. (A)  26:46

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali (1876-1948), Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan (1947) and became its first head. (Enc. Br.)  26:46

Jitendra Babu See Banerji, Jitendranath

Jivananda a character – a sannyasin – in the Bengali novel Ananda Math by Bankim Chandra. a 8:330.335,343,346

Jivanmukta a poem in a new metre by Sri Aurobindo, first published in his collection Six Poems (1934). It was composed on 13 April 1934. (A)  5:581 9:420,435 26: 252

Jnanadas (1530- ? ), a Vaishnava Bengali poet, author of the lyrical poems Mdthura and Muralt-siksd. (N.B.A.) 0 8:287,289

Joachim Joachim of Fiore (c. 1130/35- 1201/2), Italian mystic theologian, biblical commentator, philosopher of history, and founder of a monastic order. (Enc. Br.) D 22:160

Joad, Cyril Edwin Mitchinson (1891-1953), English philosopher, author, teacher, and radio personality; one of Britain’s most colourful and controversial figures of the 1940s. (Enc. Br.)  22:186-87

Joan of Arc or Jeanne d’Arc (c. 1412-31), saint and greatest national heroine of France. She led the

resistance to the English and Burgundians in the second period of the Hundred Years’ War. Condemned as a heretic by an English-dominated church court, she was burnt at the stake at Rouen. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  3:266-67 12:484 25:393 26:17 X: 113-14,148-49 XVI: 141 XVII: 10

Job, Book of an Old Testament book considered by many to be among the master- pieces of world literature. Found in the third section of the biblical canon known as the Writings, this anonymous book is named after the central character, who attempts to understand the sufferings that engulf him. The genuine poetic discourses consist of three cycles of speeches, in each of which Job disputes with three friends and converses with God. All these discourses probe the meaning of Job’s sufferings – the reason for them and the manner in which Job should respond. (Enc. Br.)  XV: 24

Jogen(dra) Babu Jogendra Nath Ghose, assistant jailer of the Alipore jail. After serving 30 years, he was due to retire in January 1909, but was ordered to retire prematurely as a consequence of the murder in jail of Noren Gossain. He was a capable officer who did his job efficiently and duti- fully, treating others with natural politeness. (A) a 4:273-74

Jogesh (Chandra) See Chowdhuri, Jogesh (Chandra)

Jogin someone who had come to Pondicherry from Bengal and stayed here for some time. He was probably the person, or one of the persons, in whose name Sri Aurobindo used to get his requirements from Chanderduring the first few years of his stay at Pondicherry. (A)  27:455

John’ Saint John, disciple of Jesus. He is variously called St. John the Evangelist, St. John the Divine, and the Beloved Disciple. In the period of his exile on Patmos island, he is said to have written the Revelation. (Col, Enc.) a 5:61

John2 name (in short) of two characters in Sri Aurobindo’s stories – John Lancaster in "The Door at Abelard" and John Dacre in "The Devil’s Mastiff".

D [Indexed with John Lancaster or with John Dacre]

John, Sir a character in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Phantom Hour", a 7:1019

John Bull in literature and political caricature, a conventional personification of Eng- land or English character invented by the Scottish mathematician and physician John Arbuth not (1667-1735) as a character in an extended allegory that appeared in a series of five pamphlets in 1712 and later in the same year published collectively as The History of John Bull. (Enc. Br.)  1:160,422,866