-14_Glossary and Index Page 136 to 149.htm

Uttar Pradesh), and took the city of Kashi. Arjuna-Kartavirya was king of the Haihayas. (Dow.) a 3:189-90, 214

Haihaya Arjuna Kartavirya See Kartavirya, Haihaya Arjuna

Haile Selassie (1892-1975), emperor of Ethiopia (1930-36 and 1941-74), "Lion of JUDAH". Originally named Tafari Makonnan, he took the new name Haile Selassie, meaning "Might of the Trinity", when he was crowned emperor in 1930. He won the admiration of the free world for resisting the Italian invasion of his country in 1935 and personally leading the defending troops in the field. In May 1936 when further resistance was hopeless, he fled to British protection. Haile Selassie was deposed in a military coup in 1974. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  5:596 26:378

Haimavati in Hindu mythology, the consort of the god Shiva, named after her father Himavat (Himalaya). [Indexed with Parvati]

Halai Lohana Mahajanwadi See Mahajan Wadi

Halamus in Sri Aurobindo’s epic Ilion, a son of Antenor and one of the leading Trojan warriors. (M.I.) a 5:431-32, 445, 447, 450, 456-59.461, 488

Halappa, N.P.K. name of a South Indian. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct, '27]

Haldar, Haridas (1864-1935), a medical practitioner of Calcutta, of nationalist views and on intimate terms with Brahmabandhab Upadhyaya, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Sri Aurobindo. For some time he edited the Narayana of C. R. Das. He was an author and also a composer of patriotic songs. (S.B.C.)  26:59

Haldar Reza, Syed "Haldar" seems to be a misreading of "Haider", which is also spelled "Hyder". See Hyder Reza, Syed.

Haldi a small river of southwestern Bengal (now in West Bengal state), rising in the eastern Vindhyas and falling into the Bay of Bengal. (S. Atlas)  1:187

Hall, Edward (c. 1498-1547), English chronicler. Hall’s Chronicle is a glorification of the Tudors. It is interesting chiefly for the light it sheds on social life early in the reign of Henry VIII and for the use Shakespeare made of it in his historical plays. (Col. Enc.)  4:284 27:80

Halliday F. L. Halliday, Police Com- missioner of Calcutta about 1907-08. (Auro-I)  1:556 2:135 4:261-63

Haludbari a town in Nadia district, Bengal. In October 1909 a dacoity was committed in the house of two Marwaris of this town. (P.T.I.) a 2:375

Hamadryad in Greek mythology, a nymph of the trees, living and dying with the tree she inhabits. (C.O.D.) D 7:1063 XVI: 144

Hamerton possibly a mistake for the name Hamer (Enid), author of a book on English metre, a 26:321

Hamilton, Lord George Francis (1845-1927), Secretary of State for India (1895-1903). He was a Conservative M.P. from 1868 to 1906, and became Undersecretary of State for India, under Disraeli, in 1874. (Gilbert, p. 235)  1:849 2:267

Hamite member of one of a group of North African races. (M.I.)  5:486

Hamlet central character – son of the former, murdered king of Denmark – in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet. The name of the prince in the story, which originated in primitive Germanic times and was first recorded in Historia Danica, was Amieth. (Shakes.; Col. Enc.) 1:264, 266 3:12 4:285 9:374 12:38, 470, 476-77 17:96 24:1638 26:332-33 27:207 1:40

Hamlet full name: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, a tragedy by Shakespeare. It belongs to the third group of his plays (1601 through 1609), by many considered his greatest play and one of the greatest works in world literature. The greatness of the play consists essentially in the brilliance and impenetrability of Hamlet’s character. (Col. Enc.)  3:230 4:285 5:145 9:373 12:41, 477 18:299 26:181 XII: 122 XIII: 27

Hammond, Eleanor author of the poem Transition that appeared or was quoted from in the second number of Shama’a reviewed by Sri Aurobindo. (A)  17:321

Hampden, John (1594-1643), English parliamentary leader, famous for his opposition to King Charles I over ship- money (a tax historically imposed only in maritime countries), an episode in the controversies that ultimately led to the English Civil War (1642-51). (Enc. Br.)  1:108

Hamsa See Hansa1

Hamsa Swamp, Swami a spiritual guide, perhaps known in Baroda. Sri Aurobindo denied having had any contact with him. (A)  26: 19

Hansa’ one of the two great warrior-brothers (the other being Dimbhuk) mentioned in the

Mahabharata as friends and ministers of Jarasandha. He was also known as Kausika (COWSHIC). (Dow.;M.N.) Var: Hamsa a 8:40, 42, 50, 58

Hansa2 in the Mahabharata, a mighty king in the army of Jarasandha. He was killed in battle by Balarama. (A;M.N.) a 8:42

Hansraj, Lala (1864-1938), also known as Mahatma Hansraj, a prominent leader of Athe rya Samaj, and principal of the D.A.V. College at Lahore for 28 years. His hold on Punjab for more than half a century is well attested by the fact that every appeal for a cause which he made his own was always more than fully met, both in men and funds. (Maj.-I;D.N.B.) 1:325, 338, 359.432.509

Hanuman also known as Maruti (Maruti), son of Marut (the Wind-god) by Aiijana (wife of a monkey named Kesari). A celebrated divine monkey chief, Hanuman is a conspicuous figure in the Ramayana. He has great powers and abilities and is well known for his devotion and service to Rama. He is worshipped by the Hindus as a god, and temples dedicated to him are numerous. (Dow.;Enc.Br.) D 2:80 4:330 12:478 14:290 22:416 23:974 26:375 V: 15-16 VII: 5, 16

Hapsburg House of Hapsburg or Habsburg, also known as the House of Austria, one of the principal sovereign dynasties of Europe from the 15th to the 20th century. (Enc. Br.)  15:285

Hara a name of the Hindu god Shiva. n [Indexed with Shiv(a)']

Haradhan Haradhan Bakshi (1897-1962), a native of Chandernagore who served in World War I; his war experiences are recorded in the booklet The New Ways of Warfare. Attracted to Sri Aurobindo’s yoga, he came to the Ashram in 1925. He died here in 1962. (Remini.) n 27:479, 493

Haradutta a character – a minister of acting, drama and opera entertained by the king – in Malavica and the King, Sri Aurobindo’s incomplete translation of Kalidasa’s play Mdlavikdgnimitram. Var: Horodutt(a)  8:135, 147-51, 153 X: 116, 127-30, 132, 134, 138-39

Hara-Gauri the biune body of Lord Shiva and his Spouse, Ishwara and Shakti, the right half male, the left half female. (A) Var: Haragauri  3:309 20:481

Harald a character – apparently an attendant - in Sri Aurobindo’s play Eric.  6:473, 477-79, 522

Harbin a city in Sunkiang province of China, on the Sungari River. Its administration is independent of the province. It was unimportant until Russia was granted a concession in 1896 and built a modern section alongside the old Chinese town. Now Harbin is the major trade and communication centre of central Manchuria. (Col. Enc.) 27:123

Hardicnut a character – an earl – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Eric.  6:473, 538-39, 542-45, 557

Hardie, Keir James Keir Hardie (1856-1915), Scottish labour leader, first to represent the workingmen in Parliament as an independent (1892), and first to lead the Labour party in the House of Commons (1906). In 1907 he visited East Bengal, where his private state- ments and conversations were misrepresented by correspondents to the English newspapers and agencies as seditious speeches. (Enc. Br.; N.S.I.)  1:143, 564-65, 573-75 2:286 4:206, 215.221

Hardinge, Lord Charles Hardinge (1858- 1944), 1st Baron of Penshurst, British diplomat and Viceroy and Governor General of India (1910-16). He improved British relations in India and was instrumental in securing India’s support for Great Britain in World War I. During his ceremonial entry into the new capital of Delhi, on 23 December 1912, Lord Hardinge was grievously injured by a bomb thrown by revolutionaries. Sri Aurobindo, in his "Record of Yoga", made many solicitous references to the Viceroy’s condition; he used his spiritual will (Aishwarya) to promote the healing of his wounds. (Enc. Br.; H.F.M.L; A & R, XXI: 123-24) a 27:465 XXI: 43, 46, 52, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 82, 85, 98

Hardy, Thomas (1840-1928), English novel- ist and poet. So violently were his novels, especially the last two, Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) and .We the Obscure (1895), denounced as books depicting indecency and immorality that Hardy wrote no more fiction, but devoted himself to poetry, which he had long preferred, becoming one of the foremost poets of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (Col. Enc.) 0 9:2 26:233

Hare, Sir Lancelot (1851-1922), served in Bengal and Assam from 1873; member of the Viceroy’s Council, 1905-06; officiating Lt. Governor of Bengal, 1906; Lt. Governor of East Bengal and Assam, 1906-11, where

he continued, to a large extent, the stern measures adopted by his predecessor FULLER. (Gilbert, p. 51; H.F.M.L; S.F.F.) 1:135-36, 319, 321-22, 345, 362, 373, 482, 702 2:204 –

Hare Street a street in Calcutta, commencing now from 12, Strand Road (South). The offices of the Anglo-Indian paper Englishman were located on this street. (Guide; A) a 1:150, 155, 159-60, 186, 280-82, 331, 430, 521, 607 2:77, 151, 301, 345, 376 4:175, 215

Hari’ "one who drives away (evils and suffering)" or "one who captivates (our mind)"; an epithet of Vishnu and of Krishna.  [Indexed with Krishna, or Vishnu]

Hari2 a Hindu name sometimes used, like Rama and Shyama, to denote "the man on the street", 4:290

Haridas a sannyasin who was well known in Bengal probably for his ability to remain buried underground in Samadhi for quite a longtime. (A)  4:215

Haridrumata (the Gautama) Haridrumata, a Rishi, son of Haridrumata, a descendant of Gotama. He was the guru of Satyakama Jabala. (ChhandogyaUp.)  VI: 157, 159

Harimohan the main character of a Bengali story "Swapna" (A Dream), written by Sri Aurobindo and published in Suprabhat in 1909-10. (A)  4:11-16

Harin(dranath) See Chattopadhyay, Harin(dranath)

Haripal a proposed character – a Rajput noble, general of the army of Edur; formerly in the service of the Gehelote Prince of Edur — mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Sri Aurobindo’s play Prince of Edur.  7:739

Harischandra See "Devadatta;

Harischandra"

Haris(h)chandra twenty-eighth king of the Solar race, son ofTrishanku. Celebrated for his piety, justice and truthfulness, especially for his unswerving fidelity to the truth of the spoken word, he was put to a very severe test by the gods. Arranged through Vishwa- mitra, \t involved great suffering for him, his wife and his son. (Dow.)  4:306 16: 210 22:416 23:790 26: 351 III: 6

Harivansha the genealogy of Hari or Vishnu in a long poem of 16, 374 verses. A sort of appendix to the

Mahabharata but belonging to a much later period (c. 5th century), Harivamsa Purdna is in three parts: the first is introductory, giving particulars of the creation and dynasties; the second contains the life and activities of Krishna; and the third treats of, the future of the world and the corruptions of the Kaliyuga. (Dow.) a 13:13

Harkissen Lal (1864-1937), a barrister practising earlier at Dera Ismail Khan in Punjab, and at Lahore from 1913. Although politics was his chief interest outside his profession, Harkishen Lal played an important part in the world of business and finance. He floated, promoted or organized various companies, banks, and factories, establishing himself as a financial wizard. (D.N.B.)  2:215, 238 4:179, 231, 234-35, 237-38

Harkoos a character – an Ethiopian eunuch in Ibn Sawy’s household – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers ofBassora. a 7:561, 606, 609-10, 612-13, 616, 619, 635-36, 643-46

Harmsworth Trust; Hannsworth and Com- pany a firm belonging to or established by Alfred Charles William Harmsworth (1865-1922), Viscount Northcliffe, British journalist and publisher, who, with his brother, formed the world’s largest news- paper empire – Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Times, etc. (Enc. Br.)  1:553 2:121

Hamam Singh, Sir (1851- ? ), younger son of Maharaja Sir Randhir Singh of Kapurthala, and father of Sir Maharaj Singh. He became a Christian in 1875. In 1911 he was appointed member of the Punj ab Legislative Council. Var: Harram Singh (a misspelling) 1:171, 414

Harold, Earl a character in Chesterton’s poem The Ballad of the White Horse.  9:318-19

Haroun (al Rasheed) a character – the Caliph in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers of Bassora. Historically, Haroun (c. 764-809) was the 5th and most famous Abbaside caliph (786-809) of Baghdad. He was a munificent patron of letters and of arts, and under him Baghdad was at its apogee. He became a great figure for the Arabs; many of the stories of The Arabian Nights involve him. (A; Col. Enc.) Var: Haroon (only at one place, on page 620)  7:561, 599, 620, 639, 665-66, 670-71, 687-705, 712, 714-15, 721-23, 726, 733-35

Harpies in Greek and Latin mythology, rapacious monsters with woman’s head and body and bird’s wings and claws. They were daughters of Electra, the sea nymph, and Thaumas. The Harpies served as ministers of  divine vengeance. Sometimes they them- selves punished criminals such as Phineus whom they tortured for impiety; sometimes they caught criminals  and handed them over to Erinyes

 (see Erinnyes)for punishment. (C.O.D.;N.C.C.H.)  3:487

Harram Singh See Harnam Singh, Sir

Harris a character in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Door at Abelard" 7:1028

Harris, F. Frank Harris (1856-1931), British- American journalist and man of letters best known for his autobiography. He knew many of the younger writers of the day, including Shaw and H. G. Wells, both of whom he later claimed to have discovered. His biography of Shaw came out in 1931. (Enc.Br.;

Col. Enc.) 9:548-49

Harris, Lord George Robert Canning (1851-1932), 4th Baron Harris, Under- secretary of State for India (June 1885- February 1886), and Governor of Bombay (1890-95). A great cricketer; he captained England’s team and popularized cricket in India. D 2:307

Harrison, Frederic (1831-1923), English jurist, historian, and sociologist. He was the leader of English positivism and became the president of the English Positivist Committee. (Col. Enc.) D 2:171

Harrison Road an important road in central Calcutta. The name is now changed to Mahatma Gandhi Road. A house used by the members of Barin Ghose’s revolutionary society was located on this road. o i: 345 3:469 4: 290, 302

Harsha Harshavardhana (c. 590-c. 647), ruler of a large North Indian empire, ex- tending from the hills of the north to the Narmada in the south and from Ganjam in the east to Valabhi in the west, with its capital at Kanauj. He was a generous emperor, and a Buddhist convert in a Hindu era. Himself a poet of no mean order who composed Nagananda, Ratnavali, and Priyadarsika, Harsha was also a patron of men of letters and learning like BANA and Mayura (a lyric poet). (Enc. Br.; DlI.H.)  3:262 14:306 1:26

Harvey, Gabriel (15457-1630), English poet and miscellaneous writer, university don, and friend of Edmund Spenser. (Enc. Br.) D 5:343, 347, 355, 361, 382

Harvey, Sir See Adamson, Sir Harvey

Haryata Pragatha (Haryata Pragatha), a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Pragatha.  11:359

Hasheem the great-grandfather of Prophet Mohammad., 7:668

Hassan Imam Syed Hasan Imam (1871- 1933), nationalist Muslim of Patna (Bihar). In the beginning he was a staunch constiutionalist and was therefore opposed to the ideology of the Non-cooperation Movement. He presided over the Special Session of the Congress at Bombay in 1918. Towards the close of the 1920s there was a new turn in his life. He joined the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, adopted a simple, austere mode of living, and donned Khadi. (D.N.B.)  2:255

Hastinapur capital of Kauravas, for which the great battle of Mahabharata was waged. Its ruins are traceable near an old bed of the Ganga, about 57 miles northeast of Delhi (in the tehsil of Mawana of Meerut district in U.P.), and local tradition has preserved the name. (Dow.) Var: Hustina  3:192, 353 4:82-83 5:223, 319

Hastings, Warren (1732-1818), the first Governor-General of India (1774-85). Three years after his resignation and retirement to England, he was impeached on twenty charges. The trial continued for seven years, at the end of which he was acquitted of all the charges. (D.I.H.) 0 1:464 2:30 4: 141

Hastings Street in Calcutta, connecting Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The name of the street has been changed to Kiran Shankar Roy Road.  27:40

Hatha(yoga) certain stages of the Astanga Yoga of Patanjali, notably the breathing exercises and sitting postures, which became, in the course of time, an end in themselves. It is a yoga of "violence" (a sense involved in the literal meaning of "hatha"), which stresses complicated bodily arrangements, among others, for therapeutic purposes. (Enc. Br.) Der: Hathayogic; Hathayogin (or Hatha-yogin) a 3:366, 402-06, 408-09 4:298 5:84 9:150 12:201 13:7, 112, 114 16: 7, 399, 413 18:259-60 20: 3, 28-32, 36, 44, 498, 506-14, 516, 520 21:546, 583-86, 668, 704 22:3, 78 23:952 24:1177, 1236, 1527 26:112, 139, 353 V: 82 XIV: 154 XIX: 60, 73, 77

Hathayoga Pradipika title of a book on Hathayoga by Svatmarama.  26:113

Havell E. B. Havell (1861-1934), a leading authority on Indian art. An Englishman, he came to India in 1884 to take charge of the Government School of Art in Madras, and worked as its superintendent up to 1892.

From 1896 to 1906 he was principal of the Government School of Art in Calcutta, the premier art institution in the country. He left India in 1907. The artistic renaissance of India owes a great deal to him. He was one of the strongest critics of Ravi Varma’s paintings. (A.H.I.; S.F.F.)  14:47, 196, 198, 201, 236 17:181, 276 XIII: 47

Havirdhana Angi aVedicRishi. a 11:392

Hayagriva (Hayagriva), in northern Buddhism, a fierce protective deity, usually shown with a horse’s head in its hair; among Buddhists in India Hayagriva is identified as an assistant of Bodhisattwa Avalokitesvara, and as the god of fire. In Hindu mythology, Hayagriva is both the name of a demon and the form (human, with the head of a horse) taken by the god Vishnu to subdue the demon. (Enc. Br.) a 22:192 26:92

Hebe in Greek mythology, goddess of youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera. She was the cup-bearer of the Olympian gods and the personal attendant of Hera. (Col. Enc.) D 5: 158 7:1071

Hebrew Israelite, Jew; language of the ancient Hebrews; of Hebrew, of the Jews;

modern Hebrew (official language of Israel, and widely used by Jews all over the world). (C. 0. D.; Pears) Der: Hebraic (of Hebrew or the Hebrews); Hebraism (Hebrew system of thought or religion; the attitude towards life which subordinates all other ideals to those of conduct, obedience, and ethical purpose. It is opposed to the Hellenistic conception of life which subordinates everything to the intellect.) (C.O.D.; H.L.) 1:576 9:382, 549 10:449, 547 12:192, 539 13:53 14:59 15:15, 86 17:341 18: 51 21: 541 22:363

Hebrides group of more than 500 islands off western and northwestern Scotland. Less than a fifth are inhabited. (Col. Enc.) n 9:162, 276 29:815 111:28

Hecate in Greek mythology, mysterious moon-goddess, daughter of the Titan Coeus. Hecate was Persephone’s attendant in the underworld, where she had the power to conjure up phantoms, dreams, and the spirits of the dead; in this aspect she was the god- dess of ghosts, presiding over witchcraft and sorcery. (Col. Enc.) o 7:1060

Hector in Homer’s Iliad, leader of the Trojans in the Trojan War until his death. He was the eldest son of Priam and Hecuba, and the bravest of the Trojan warriors. When Sri Aurobindo’s [lion opens, he has

already been slain by Achilles in revenge for the death of Patroplus. (Col. Enc.; M. I.) 5: 416, 426-27, 431-32, 439, 450, 453, 474, 476, 478, 514, 516 9:317, 418 16:90

Hecuba in Greek legend, queen of Troy, and chief wife of Priam, to whom she bore Hector and 18 others of his 50 sons as well as several daughters. (M.I.) a 5:403, 414, 450, 452

Hedoya perhaps "Hadis" is meant, the words of Mohammad which next to the KORAN have the sanctity of Law. a 5:277

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770- 1831), German philosopher, who also wrote books on ethics, aesthetics, history, and religion. His interests were wide, and all were incorporated into his unified philo- sophical system whose thought influenced the development of Existentialism, Marxism, Positivism, and Analytical philosophy. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) Der: Hegelian a 4:44 9:381, 547 15:34 22:159 26:223 IV: 157 XIV: 127, 164 XVII: 37 XVIII: 155

Heimir possibly, the name of a figure in Norse mythology, n 7:887

Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856), German poet and author. His lyrics and ballads are recognised as among the finest in world literature. His essays on German literary, political and philosophical thought contain remarkable and frequently prophetic insight. (Col. Enc.;Enc.W.B.)  9:49, 100, 192 17:87 11:8

Helen(a) in Greek legend, the most beautiful of all women. She was the daughter of Leda and Zeus, who came to Leda as a swan. Helen was therefore born from an egg. Leda’s husband, Tyndareos (king of Sparta), was thus Helen’s foster father. As there were many suitors for Helen’s hand, Tyndareos had each of them take an oath swearing to come when needed to the aid of the man chosen as her husband. The man who came to be chosen was Menelaus. When Paris, aided by Aphrodite, whom he had awarded the Apple of Discord, abducted Helen to Troy and there made her his wife, those Greek princes waged a war to recover Helen and avenge Menelaus. This was the Trojan War, the subject of Homer’s Iliad and of countless later legends. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) a 5: 350, 405-06, 414, 434-35, 439-40, 448-50, 452-53, 455, 465, 473, 475, 478, 480-81, 501, 595 7:578, 825, 876 10:26, 34, 153 14:192 11:20 XV: 41 XVII: 44

Helenus in Greek legend, a son of Priam; a warrior and prophet. (M.I.) n 5:461, 513 VI: 135

Helen (Woodward) a character participating in "A Dialogue", written by Sri Aurobindo around 1891. (A & R, II: 91) a 11:5, 7-9

Helios in Greek religion, the sun-god; son of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. He is conceived as leaving his magnificent palace in the east every morning in a golden chariot drawn by four immortal horses and travers- ing the sky to another palace in the west. In later times, as in Ilion, Apollo was frequent- . ly identified with Helios. But generally Helios represented the sun in its material or diurnal aspects and Apollo represented it in its spiritual aspects. (M.I.; Col. Enc.) Var: Haelios a 5:467 8:409 10:41, 119 11: 468 12: 371 XIV: 125 XV: 19 XVI: 137

Hellas In the Greek language Greece is known as Hellas or Ellas. Originally the term was confined to Phthia, a district in southern Thessaly, to which it sometimes refers in Sri Aurobindo’s//i’o/i. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) D 1:576 5:392-93, 402-03, 405, 407-08, 414, 419, 421, 427, 434, 467-68, 470, 475, 478, 480, 488, 514-19 6:68 14:367 15:91, 345 17:83 VI:134

Hellene(s) the name, originally, of a tribe which settled in the southeast of Thessaly; it later developed into the national name of the Greeks. The Hellenes traced their descent to Hellen, grandson of Prometheus. In Ilion, the word usually describes Achilles and his men, who came from Phthia. "Hellenism" is a Greek idiom or construction, imitation of the Greeks, Greek nationality and Greek culture. It is the culture, ideals, and pattern of life of ancient Greece in classical times. The term is also used to apply to the ideals of later thinkers who draw their inspiration from ancient Greece. Frequently it is contrasted with Hebraism; then Hellenism means pagan joy, freedom, and love of life as contrasted with the more serious and even gloomy ethic of the Old Testament. A Hellenist is one who used the Greek language although not a Greek. (Col. Enc.; C.O.D) Der: Hellenic; Hellenism;

Hellenise(d); Hellenising; Hellenist; Hellenistic D 1:506, 520, 576, 769 3:10, 199 5:28, 397, 402-03, 405, 407, 414, 428, 431, 434, 438, 440, 459, 463-68, 472, 474, 486-87, 491, 497, 500, 513-17, 519 6:1 9:63, 77, 99, 245, 410 10:25 12:216 14:204, 206, 214, 222, 228-29, 233, 366, 376, 392, 428 15:68-69, 86, 90-91, 115-16, 287, 345, 648 16:275, 310 17.: 276, 303 19:731.1051 27:148, 153 11:11, 15-16 VI: 134-35 VIII: 172 XVII: 38

Hellene-Asiatic culture Asiatic culture as influenced by the culture of the ancient Greeks, a i: 28

Hellespont narrow strait separating Europe from Asia at the final exit of the waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara into the Aegean; it is now called the Darda- nelles. (M.I) D 5: 402. 417 XX: 134

Helots a class of serfs in ancient Sparta; serfs. (C.O.D) n 1:12

Helps, Sir Arthur (1813-75). English author who acquired popularity by his Friends in Council (four series, 1847-59), dialogues on ethical and aesthetic questions. He also wrote dramas, a novel and Brevia (short essays, 1871) (Ox. Comp.) n III: 14

Helvetian of Helvetia, short form of Con- foederatio Helvetia (the Latin name of Switzerland). (Col. Enc.) a 15:410

Hemchandra’ or Hem Babu, son of Visvas, the Reception Officer at Srinagar about 1903, who one day accompanied Sri Aurobindo in a boat on the Dal Lake in Kashmir. (A) a IV: 194

Hemchandra2 See Banerji, Hemchandra

Hemendra Prasad See Ghose, Hemendra Prasad

Henry IV (1553-1610), first Bourbon king of France (1589-1610). He brought unity and prosperity to his country after the Wars of Religion. (Enc. Br.) D 15:357

Henry, King This may mean any of the following four characters in Shakespeare’s plays: King Henry the Fourth, King Henry the Fifth, King Henry the Sixth, and King Henry the Eighth, n 12:38

Henry, Sir See Cotton, Henry

Henry the Eighth Henry VIII of England (1491-1547), one of the strongest and least respected of English monarchs (1509-47); he presided over the beginnings of the English Reformation. (Enc. Br.) D 4:99

Hephaestus in Greek religion, an Olympian god, son of Zeus and Hera. In earlier leg- ends he was the husband of Charis; later, he was called the husband of Aphrodite. Hephaestus was the god of fire, especially of the smithy fire – the maker of Zeus’ thunder- bolts, Achilles’ armour and Agamemnon’s sceptre; the divine artificer and god of craftsmen. He is usually depicted as lame (craftsmen in ancient times were usually the handicapped who were unable to fight).

(Col. Enc.; M.I.)Var: Hephaistos a 3:65 5:447, 450, 495, 499, 507-08 11:3 II: 7 XIV: 126 XV: 15

Hera in Greek religion, daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea and queen of the Olympian gods. She was wife and sister of Zeus to whom she bore Hephaestus and Ares. She is identified with the Roman Juno. According to tradition, Hera was hostile to Troy in the Trojan War because Paris did not judge her the most beautiful goddess. In Sri Aurobindo’s llion, however, there is no allusion to this story and she appears as a sublime figure devoid of the passions of vanity and jealousy the Greek myths attribute to her. She works for the destruction of Troy because her will is one with that of Zeus. (Col. Enc.; M.I.) D 5: 394, 405, 417, 421, 436-37, 446, 450, 474, 494, 498-502, 505-06, 509

Heracles See Hercules

Heraclidae general name for the descendants of Heracles. The name is especially used in antiquity for Hyllus and his descendants, the leaders of the Dorian invasion of the Pelo- ponnesus. (Enc. Br.) n l: 220-21

Heraclitus (c. 535-c. 475 BC), Greek philosopher of Ephesus, of noble birth. According to him there is no permanent reality except the reality of change; permanence was an illusion of the senses. (Col. Enc.) a 13:37-38 16:335-39, 341-57, 359-71 18:285 20:482

Herbert, William (1580-1630), 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English patron of letters. (Col. Enc.) n 3:230

Hercules (Latin name of) the mightiest and most popular of Greek heroes; son of Zeus and Alemene. He was given twelve great labours after accomplishing which he would become immortal. One of the labours, re- ferred to in Sri Aurobindo’s llion, was that of killing the Hydra. In llion reference is also made to a fight which Hercules had with the Centaurs who, maddened with wine, attacked him. Though his labours had won him immortality, Hercules died by burning himself on a pyre on Mt. Oeta to escape the torture caused by a garment smeared with the blood of a centaur he had slain with a poisoned arrow. (M.I.; Col. Enc.) Var: Heracles (Greek name) Der: Herculean n . 3: 84, 403 5:14, 498 6:129 7:844 10:

26 22:221 24:1359.1609 28:75 IV: 194 XVII: 44

Hermengild a character – a forest damsel - in Sri Aurobindo/s play The Witch of llni. Var: Ermenild a 7:1057, 1060, 1066, 1069

Hermes in Greek religion, an Olympian god, son of Zeus and Maia. He corresponds to the Roman Mercury and is remarkable for the variety of his functions. He was the god of commerce and trade, of cheats and thieves, of luck (and hence gamblers), of athletic contests, and of eloquence. He acted as messenger of gods, particularly Zeus, and as the conductor of souls to Hades. His at- tributes were: (1) a travelling-hat, in later times adorned with wings, (2) winged sandals, (3) herald’s staff, whose white ribbons were later mistaken for serpents because he was herald of Hades. (Col. Enc.; Pears) a 3:270 6:91, 172 7:1008 8:410 10:119-20 11:468 X: 152 XVI: 179

Hemani a tragedy (English translation, 1830) by Victor Hugo, the stage production of which caused a riot between the classicists and the romanticists. (Col. Enc.) a 3:96

The Hero and the Nymph Sri Aurobindo’s translation of Kalidasa’s drama Vikra- morvasiyam. D [Indexed with Vikramorvasie]

Herod Herod the Great (c. 73-4 Be), who was ruling in Palestine at the time of Jesus’ birth. At first governor of Galilee under the Romans, he obtained the title of King of Judaea in 37 BC. The Massacre of the Innocents reported in the New Testament is in keeping with his historical character: in his last years he became bloodthirsty. It was from him that the dynasty ruling in Palestine got its name, the Herods. (Pears; Col. Enc.) a 1:802

Heroides (Latin) = Heroines. The reference is to Epistulae Heroidum (Letters from Heroines), a series of clever, though in sum perhaps monotonous, dramatic soliloquies by Ovid. They are fictitious letters from ancient heroines to their absent husbands or lovers. (Enc. Br., Macro., Vol. 13, p. 798; A & R, XIII: 69) D XIII: 53

Herpe in Greek mythology, name of the divine sword of Athene, the goddess of Wisdom. (A) D 6:1, 68, 73, 130, 174

Herrenvolk a German word meaning "master. race"; a nation considered to be superior to others and so called to lead or rule them. In Nazi ideology it is applied to the German people. (Web.) a 26:396

Herreros Hereros or Ovahereros, members (about 60, 000 in number in 1974) of a tribe of Bantu Negroes living mainly in Namibia

(Southwest Africa), which was formerly— from 1884 to 1920 – ruled by the Germans as one of their colonies called German South- west Africa. The Hereros are a linguistic group; their language belongs to the Bantu language family. (D.G.B.; D.K.A.; Enc. Br., Macro., Vol. 17, p. 302) a 15:44

Herschel (A mistake has obviously occurred here, for Herschel is a former name of the planet Uranus, given to it after its discoverer. This name was used in France occasionally until the middle of the 19th century.) Sri Aurobindo very probably means Neptune, discovered in 1846. (Enc. Br.) a 17:259

Hertha a character – Swegn’s wife – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Eric. a 6:473, 477, 479-81, 483-87, 489, 495-98, 503-04, 512-21, 526, 542, 546, 549-51, 553, 555

Hertha title of one of Swinburne’s "Songs before Sunrise". In it he gives voice to his religious unorthodoxy, and sings of the emancipation of the soul under the influence of Hertha, the earth-goddess, the spirit of life. (Ox. Comp.) o 26:265

Herzegovina one (the more southern) of the two component regions of "Bosina and Herzegovina", now an autonomous republic of North Yugoslavia. (Col. Enc.) a 15:367

Hesiod (fl. c. 8th cent. Be), one of the earliest Greek poets, and the first to incorporate a set of instructions poetically. So little is known of Hesiod that some scholars have denied his existence. His most famous poem is didactic, containing advice for his brother and maxims for farmers to pursue. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 0 9:32 16:349

Hesper(us) the name by which the Greeks called Venus as the Evening Star. The Latin name was Vesper. Hesperus was represented as leading the other stars out into the sky. In Greek mythology, Hesperus was the father of the Hesperides (nymphs). In a garden on the enchanted island in the western sea, he guarded a tree which bore golden apples. The word "Hesperian" has come to mean "western". (Col. Enc.; C.O.D) Der: Hesperian a 5:179.399, 419

Hie Jacet title of a poem by Sri Aurobindo, written in 1890-92. "Hie jacet" is a Latin phrase meaning "here lies". (A; C.O.D.) 0 4:pre. 26:6

Higgins, John captain of the ship named S.S. Mauretania. (A) a 22:423

Hildebrand Saint Gregory VII (1020-85), an Italian (Ildeb, rando), pope from 1073 to 1085. He was one of the greatest of popes, setting an irreproachable example and en- forcing the law of the Church with unanswerable authority. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) a 17:163

Hillus in Sri Aurobindo’s epic poem Ilion, a Greek warrior. Possibly from northern Greece, he is described as "fair". He is killed by Surenas. (M.I) a 5:516

Himalaya(s) in some Indian languages also called Himacala, "mountain of snow", (Himadri and Tusaradri – Sanskrit equivalents used in poetry); a system of high mountain ranges north of India, portions of which remain covered with snow all through the year. Its sombreness, dignity, and magnitude led the Hindus to consider it the abode of gods. In their mythology it is personified as the king of mountains (see next entry). (D.I.H) Var: Himalay; Himaloy Der:

Himalayan   1:797, 815, 843 2:9, 174 3:105, 121, 271, 299, 315 5:52, 84, 192, 196, 221, 543 6:227, 265 7:741, 980, 986, 1008 8:52, 99, 101-02, 104-07, 110, 113, 115, 117, 122-23, 176, 210 9:373, 376 10:448 12:475 13:349 14:93, 185, 240, 270, 365 15:150 17:278 19:882 22:93 23:797 24:1388, 1734 26:136, 354, 407, 498 27:67, 143, 157 1:4, 20 V:79 VI: 127, 131 VIII: 188 IX:!, 2 X: 152, 163 XIII: 48 XIV: 117 XVI: 187 XVII: 43 XVIII: 138, 142

Himavan In Hindu mythology, the great mountain (the Himalayas) on the northern borders of India is personified and referred to as Himavana. He had a daughter named Uma (or Parvati) who was married to Lord Shiva. (Pur. Enc.) a XV: 20, 29

Hindi -the official language of India, as laid down in the 1950 Constitution. English also continued as an official language until 1965, and under the Official Language Act, 1963, may still be used in addition to Hindi. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo- European family, a modern descendant of Sanskrit. It is written in the Devanagari script. HINDUSTANI and URDU are its allied forms. There are close to 170 million speakers of Hindi/Urdu. (Pears, p. M44-45) a 1:226 4:147 9:341-42 14:186, 319 26:11-12, 290, 409-10 1:8 XIX: 30

(Hindi) Ramayana the story of the Ramayana retold in Hindi by TULSIDAS in his great epic Rdmacaritamdnasa. It is a mine of poetry, strong and beautiful thought and

description and deep spiritual force and sweetness. It is so popular with all sections of the Hindus of northern India that it has been rightly called their Bible. (A; D.I.H.) n 14:319, 321

Hindu See Hindu(ism)

Hindu, The English daily newspaper originally published from Madras. It was founded as a weekly in 1878 by G. Subra- mania lyer and Veera Raghavachari and three other young men. Under the editorship of G. Subramania The Hindu soon became a leading paper. In 1883 it was turned into a tri-weekly and in 1888 into a daily. It con- tinues as a daily of outstanding merit, and is now also published from Coimbatore, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Madurai and Gurgaon. Sri Aurobindo used to read The Hindu regularly. (Enc. Ind.) a i: 192, 194, 434, 648, 819 26: 382 27: 417, 500 29: 735 X: 186 XV: 61

Hindu College See Presidency College

Hindu(ism) "Hinduism" comprises the beliefs, practices, and socio-religious institution of the peoples known as Hindus (principally the peoples of India and parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Sikkim, but also communities in other parts of the world) that have evolved from Vedism. Hinduism constitutes a complex but largely continuous whole; and because it covers the whole of life, it has religious, social, economic, literary and artistic aspects. (Enc. Br.) Der: Hinduised a 1: 16, 48, 125, 140-41, 172, 209-13.216-18, 251-52, 285-87, 302, 312-15, 318-19, 321-22, 331-32, 336, 353-54, 358-59, 369-71, 373, 385, 402.430, 440, 481, 495. 512, 520, 526. 533, 536-38, 587, 608, 610, 631, 633, 644-45, 654, 705, 714, 729, 732-37, 755-56, 758-59, 769, 777, 799-801. 817, 842, 849, 879, 887 2: 1, 3-4, 7-10, 18-19, 23-24, 37-38, 40, 42-43, 51, 84, 88, 122, 181, 183, 226-28, 245-47, 251-52, 259-62, 264-65, 276, 278-79, 282, 293-94, 304, 309, 312, 331, 353-54, 377, 399, 404. 406, 423, 425-26 3:4, 30, 67, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 88-89, 93-94, 96, 99-101, 110-13, 120, 123-24. 163-64, 166, 171, 173-75, 177, 179-81, 188-90, 198-99.214-15, 223, 225, 237-38, 240, 246, 262, 265-66, 271. 291-96, 299, 302-07, 320, 323, 334-35, 343-44, 357-58, 362-63, 379-81, 387, 391-92, 422.433, 438, 461-63, 483-84 4: 15, 43, 53-54, 97, 128, 131, 147, 179-80, 183-85.193-94, 203, 206, 215, 217-18, 220, 222, 227-30, 242, 252, 260, 273, 301-02, 305-06, 317-19 5:258 8:327, 340 10:14, 30, 34, 42, 97, 102, 122, 269, 335, 562 11:456 12:12-13, 53, 56, 58, 98, 231.408, 447, 461, 503 13:43, 162 14:8, 11, 14, 17, 37, 46, 48, 73, 76-80, 88-92, 94, 106.122-25, 131, 136, 138.178, 181, 187-89, 205, 210, 223-24, 239, 241, 272, 308, 358-59, 379, 419, 427 15:9.151, 165.302.316, 424, 431-32

16:86, 98, 229.283, 324, 394, 401, 404-05 17:117, 169, 172, 181, 183, 212, 233, 238, 265, 267, 269-70, 276, 281, 306 20: 49, 58-59, 274 22:69, 139, 394, 402, 403-04, 486 23: 556-57, 563, 850 24:1656 25:228 26:22.40, 46, 126, 168, 352, 354.389, 402, 404, 411, 483 27:12, 20-22, 44, 46, 54, 98-99, 101, 106, 111, 124, 148-56, 158, 201, 204, 211, 213, 217, 220, 229-30, 235, 240, 242, 246-47, 249, 291, 294, 311, 354, 422, 446-48, 496 I: 8.25, 27, 31, 41-42, 48-50, 57-58, 76 II: 6, 58-59 III: 16, 19, 22, 68-69 IV: 157-60, 195 V:2, 63, 67, 69.71, 95.97 VI:155, 158, 163. 173, 179, 195. 200 VIII: 169, 187. 189-90, 194-95 IX: 26, 28-31. 33, 46 X: 141-45, 147-48, 153-54, 160-63 XIII: 24, 30, 35, 37-38 XIV: 116- 18, 125-26, 131, 141, 145, 149.152-53, 160, 163 XV: 3, 7, 12, 21, 25. 29, 32.40 XVI: 133-35, 139, 143. 180-81, 190 XVII: 23-25, 27-30, 34-35 XVIII: 160, 165 XIX: 21

Hindu Kush mountain system in central Asia, lying mainly in northeastern Afghani- stan and extending east to Pakistan and Kashmir. (Col. Enc.) a 17:180 XIV: 120

Hindu Marriages (Validity) Bill a bill introduced by Vithalbhai Patel in the Imperial Legislative Council on 5 September 1918. Its purpose was to provide legal sanction to marriages between Hindus of different castes. The bill was condemned by the orthodox and considered inadequate by reformers. (A & R, XVI: 196) a XVI: 190

Hindu Punch a journal edited by Bhide, a lawyer of Poona. It had to stop publication in 1909 as the result of a defamation suit filed against it by Gokhale. (A) 1-1 4:222, 230

(Hindu) Patriot English daily (weekly up to June 6, 1892) of Calcutta, founded in 1853 by Girish Chunder Ghosh who was also the editor. Later it was edited by Hurrish Chunder Mukherjee and also by Kristodas Pal. The paper was the exponent of the most pale and watery school of "patriotism". (Cal. Lib.; D.I.H. ; A) D 1:174, 180, 340-41, 394-96, 440 2:242

Hindu Sabha later known as Hindu Maha- sabha, an organized body of the Hindus, founded in 1906 to provide and protect everything that contributed to the strength and glory of the Hindu race. It sought to establish a democratic State in Hindustan

based on the culture and traditions of the land. (Enc. Ind.) 0 2:259-60, 262, 276 4:179, 217

Hindu Spiritual Magazine a periodical started and edited by Shishir Kumar Ghose after his conversion to Vaishnavism (1893). In this periodical he chronicled the visitations among men of the spirit with whom he communed while living in religious seclusion at BAIDYANATH. (D.N.B.) o 4:252

Hindustan a nationalist journal of Punjab, edited by Lala Dinanath. (P.T.I.) D 1:433

Hindustani (language) term used for the lingua franca of India (Hindustan) before partition (1947). It was Gilchrist who in- vented the name Hindustani. Two literary languages arose from colloquial Hindustani (Khari Boli): Hindi, showing a strong Sanskrit influence, and Urdu, with a heavily Persianised vocabulary. Hindi is now the national language of India, and Urdu is the official language of Pakistan. (Enc. Br.) a 2:359 8:331 12:55 26:1, 5 11:87 XVII: 66

Hindustan Standard English daily of Calcutta founded in 1937 by Satyendranath Majumdar and edited by Dhirendranath Sen. (Cal. Lib.;S.F.F.) a 1:906 26:60, 377 XVI: 193

Hippias (Here there has been a misreading of the manuscript: the text actually reads "the author of the Hippias", not "the authority of the Hippias".) The Hippias Major and the Hippias Minor are two of Plato’s shorter dialogues, both of which depict Hippias ofElis, the Sophist philosopher, who flourished in the 5th century BC. The reference here (3: 3) is probably to the Hippias Minor, in which Plato deals with the paradox "wrong-doing is involuntary". In the Hippias Major he discusses the question "What is the fine (or beautiful)?" (O.C1.D., p. 429; Enc. Br., Macro., Vol. 14, p. 534) 3:3

Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 377 BC) , Greek physician of antiquity who is traditionally regarded as the father of medicine. (Enc. Br.) a 17:127

Hippocrene in Greek mythology, the fountain on Mount Helicon (a range of lofty mountains in Boeotia) sacred to the Muses, having been produced by the stroke of Pegasus’s hoof. See also Pegasus. (C.O.D.; Pears)  3:105 5:28 10:87

Hippogriff also spelled Hippogryph, a mythical monster with the body and hindquarters of a horse and the head and wings of a griffin. (Web.) D 29:765

Hiranyagarbha’ 1. "the Golden Embryo" in Hindu cosmology; the name given to the golden-hued Egg

which floated on the surface of the primeval waters. In time the egg divided into two parts, the golden top half of the shell becoming the heavens and the silver lower half the earth. 2. "God imaginative and therefore creative"; the "Spirit in the middle or Dream State"; Lord of Dream-Life who takes from the ocean of subconsciously intelligent spiritual being the conscious psychic forces which He materializes or encases in various forms of gross living matter. (Enc.Br.;A) a 2:148-49 9:72 11:22 12:11, 15, 24, 47, 50, 369, 416, 430, 448, 467, 471, 506-07 20:325 22:256 24:1222 27:213 29: 681 1:40 III: 66

Hiranyagarbha2 the name of a person from whom Sri Aurobindo wanted, in 1913, to get a book through Motilal Roy of Chander- nagore. (A) n 27:437

Hiranyakashipu in Hindu mythology, a grandiosely mighty demoniac king, who obtained from Shiva the sovereignty of the three worlds for a million years. He persecuted his son Prahlada for worshipping Vishnu, employing various means to kill him, but all in vain. Ultimately he was slain by Vishnu in the Narasingha or man-lion incar- nation. (Dow.) D 5:84 12:408 17:142 24:1334 27:326 V:89 VI: 190 VII: 70

Hiranyanabha (Hiranyanabha), name of a Kausalya or Kosala prince who approached Rishi Pippalada in quest of knowledge. n 12:311

Hiranyapoor in Hindu mythology, a beautiful flying city built by Brahma at the request of the titaness Puloma. It was occupied and protected by her descendants. (M.N.) D 7:914

Hiranyaretas literally, "having golden seed" (i.e. sperm); a name ofAgni or Fire, of the Sun etc. (M.W.) D XIV: 126

Hiranyastupa Angirasa a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Angiras. Several hymns of the Rig-veda are ascribed to him.  10:193, 227

Hirsch an American scholar and scientist who, in Japan, had interminable quarrels with COUSINS on debatable points of English grammar. (A) a 9:462

History of Ancient Indian Civilisation a book by Romesh Chandra Dutt. The correct title is History of Civilization in Ancient India. It was published in 1899 in three volumes. (D.N.B.) a XIV: 127

History of English Literature English translation, published in 1871, of Taine’s Histoire de la

 litterature anglaise (4 volumes, 1863-64). (Enc.Br.) o 1:15

History of Indian Literature very probably, A Literary History of India by FRAZER. a 3:180

Hitabadi a Bengali journal (daily) of Calcutta, edited by Panch Koti Banerji, which gave powerful support to the national movement. (Purani; H.F.M.L; S.F.F.) n 2:367-68 4:247

Hitaishi a nationalist Bengali journal published from Barisal (now in Bangla- desh). In 1905 it exhorted the Bengalis to imitate the example of the Chinese (who had been carrying on a successful campaign against American goods) in the boycott of foreign goods. (H.F.M.L; S.F.F.; N.S.I.; A) a 1:744

Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), German dictator, founder and leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party. Hitler’s accomplishment in the end was almost exclusively destructive. (Enc.Br.; Col. Enc.) a 5:110 9:456 15: 81, 329, 422 22:152-53, 492 23: 628 24:1294 26: 38-39, 168-69, 326, 346, 378, 388, 395-98

Hitopadesha "good advice", a well-known Sanskrit collection of ethical tales and fables compiled by Narayana in the 12th century from the larger and older work called Pancha-tantra, which was supposed to have been narrated by a Brahmin named Vishnusharman to some princes. Hitopadesha appears to be an independent treatment of the Panca-tantra material. (Dow.; Enc. Br.) n 14:306

Hittites an ancient people of Asia Minor and Syria who flourished from 2000 to 1200 BC. (Col. Enc.) n 6:154

Hobbs Sir John Berry, known as Jack Hobbs (1882-1963), the world’s greatest cricket batsman of his time. He retired in 1934, and in 1953 he became the first cricketer to be knighted. (Enc.Br.) a 26:378

Hobhouse, Charles Edward Henry (1862-1941). Liberal M.P. (1892-95 and 1900-18); Under-Secretary of State for India (1907-08); Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1908-11); Chancellor, Duchy of Lancaster (1911-14); Postmaster-General (1914-15). He succeeded his father as Fourth Baronet (1916). (Wolpert, p. 278; Gilbert, p. 93) n 2:347

Hofer, Andreas (1767-1810), Austrian patriot, Tirolese military leader, and popular hero who fought Napoleonic France and Bavaria for two years (1809-10) in an attempt to keep his homeland under Austrian rule. He was finally captured, brought to Mantua, and on Napoleon’s orders executed on 10 February 1810. (Enc. Br.) a 17: 384 III: 24

Hohenzollern(s) a dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the German princely family which ruled Brandenburg (1415-1918), Prussia (1525-1918), and Germany (1871-1918). (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 15:288, 356 27:347

Holdich, Sir Thomas probably a historian or journalist; author of The Gates of India (1910). n 1:394

Holinshed, Raphael (died c. 1580), English chronicler. Many Elizabethan dramatists drew plots for plays from his book Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Shakespeare used this book for his historical plays, especially Macbeth, King Lear, and part of Cymbeline. (Col. Enc.) a 4:284 9:426 27:80

Holkar family name of the Maratha rulers of Indore. The state was founded by Malhar Rao Holkar (1728-64), and the Holkar family continued to rule until the state’s end as a separate entity after Indian independence in 1947. (Enc.Br.;D.LH.)  3:195

Holland formerly a part of the Holy Roman Empire and, from 1579 to 1795, the chief member of the United Provinces of the NETHERLANDS. Currently the name is popularly applied to the entire Netherlands. (Col. Enc.) a 9:47, 49 15:308, 328 111:28 XIII: 50

The Hollow Men an early poem by the American-English poet Thomas Steams Eliot, published in 1925. (Col. Enc.) D 5:373-74

Holy Alliance Originally the term meant an early nineteenth-century European alliance ostensibly formed for conserving religion, justice and peace, but used for repressing popular tendencies towards constitutional government. It was formed at Paris by Alexander I of Russia, Francis I of Austria, and Frederick William III of Prussia on 26 September 1815. Subsequently it was joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the Pope and the King of England. It ended after the 1830 revolution in France. (Pears, P.L56) 0 1:180 2:80 15:456, 627, 634

Holy Office officially. Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. In 1908 when the Roman Inquisition became an ordinary organ of papal government concerned with maintaining good order and good customs as well as purity of faith among Catholics, the word Inquisition was dropped, and the congregation charged with maintaining purity of faith came to be known officially as the Holy Office. (In 1965 it was renamed the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.) (Enc. Br.) n 12:486

Homer principal figure of ancient Greek literature, and the first European poet. Legends about Homer were numerous in ancient times. He was said to be blind, and seven different cities claimed him. Modern scholars generally agree that there was a poet named Homer, who lived before 700 BC, probably in Asia Minor, that he wrote for an aristocratic society, and that the Iliad and the Odyssey are each the product of one poet’s work. (Col. Enc.) Der: Homeric 1:178, 245, 345, 395, 398 2:408 3:106, 142-43, 163, 187, 189, 217, 232, 235, 293, 338 4:252 5:346, 381 7:1015 8:409 9:30, 61, 76-77, 85, 149-50, 159, 190, 206, 225, 230, 245, 303, 310, 313-15, 318, 334, 339, 366, 368, 381. 387, 434, 477, 521-23 10:24, 41, 120 12:37 14: 65-66, 192, 236, 284 16:102, 358 17:68-69, 182 26:234-35, 254 27:86-90, 248 29:739, 814 1:27 11:8, 28 X: 112, 143 XI: 15 XIV: 166 XV: 8, 17, 19-20 XVI: 137-38 XVII: 26

Home Rule (Movement) the movement to secure internal autonomy for Ireland within the British Empire. The Home Government Association, calling for an Irish parliament, was formed in 1870 by Isaac Butt, a Protestant lawyer who popularized "Home Rule" as the movement’s slogan. In 1873 the Home Rule League replaced the association and Butt’s moderate leadership gave way to that of the aggressive Charles Stewart Parnell. (The Home Rule Bill in the British Parliament became law on September 18, 1914, but was inoperative for the duration of World War I; it was an anachronism in the postwar world of independence movements and never came into force.) (Enc. Br.) n 1:367 2:374, 393-94 4:213 15:307, 309, 413, 506 XXI: 60

Home Ruler(s) or Home Rule Party, members of the "Indian Home Rule Society" founded in London in February 1905 by Shyamji Krishnavarma with the object of securing Home Rule for India by carrying

on propaganda in the U.K. by all practical means. (S.F.F.-Krishnavarma) a 1:168 2:363 17:360

Honduras a small republic of Central America, having Tegucigalpa as its capital. (Col. Enc.) a 15:617

Honest John See Morley, John

Hooghly name of a district and its head- quarters in Burdwan division. West Bengal state (formerly the province of Bengal). The town of Hooghly is about twenty miles north of Calcutta, situated on the banks of the river Hooghly (a branch of the Ganga flowing into the Bay of Bengal). (Enc. Br.; S. Atlas) Var: Hughly; Hugly a 2:177-78, 186-88, 192-93, 196, 199-200, 206, 240, 242, 276, 295, 297, 316, 321, 325, 390 3:84-85 4:175, 179, 182, 185, 187, 189-92, 197-98, 204, 226, 241, 244 26:32, 35 XIV: 100, 102, 105

Hooshka a character – captain of the Scythian bodyguard – in Sri Aurobindo’s plays Prince of Edur and The Prince of Mathura. (The latter seems to be a first incomplete version of the former.) Hooshka is not mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Prince of Edur.  7:780, 782-83, 791-94, 812, 891

Hopkins, Gerard Manley (1844-89), English poet, one of the most individual of Victorian writers. His poetry was largely unappreciated during his lifetime. (Enc. Br.) Der: Hopkinsian 9:410 26:255, 343-44

Horace (65-08 BC), Latin poet; one of the greatest of lyric poets. After the death of Virgil, Horace was the chief literary figure in Rome. He represents par excellence the spirit of the Augustan Age of Rome. (Col. Enc.) Der: Horatian  5:342, 346, 387, 562 9:407, 479, 546 22:304, 359 26:238, 257

Horodutt(a) See Haradutta

Horu Thakur popular name ("Horu" is the Bengali pronunciation of "Haru"; "Thakur", literally meaning "Lord", is an honorific) of Harekrishna Deerghangi (1738-1813), a renowned Kavial (a class of versifiers or poets of Bengal who used to compose and recite poems impromptu). Haru Thakur learnt composing from a weaver, and later became a professional Kavial. He had great influence in some royal courts. In his old age he severed his connection with the group of Ka vials and became the court-poet of Maha- raja Navakrishna Dev of Shovabazar Raj. His Sakhi-Samvdd and Premer Kavitd are outstanding among his works, o 8:277, 279

Hottentot Khoisan people of southern Africa who formerly occupied the region near the Cape and called themselves Khoikhoin. Their traditional culture largely disappeared. The term is figuratively used for a person of inferior intellect or culture. (Enc. Br.; C.O.D.)  16:110 27:11

Hound of Heaven the most famous poem of Francis Thompson, included in his collection Poems (1893). Generally recognised as one of the finest poetic productions of Thomp-son’s time, it describes the pursuit of the human soul by God. (Col. Enc.)  26:255, 258 29:797

Hour; Houri one of the beautiful maidens who await devout Muslims in paradise. There are numerous references to the "hours" in the Koran, describing them as "purified wives" and "spotless virgins". Tradition elaborated on the sensual image of the "hour" and defined some of her functions. (Enc. Br.) Der: Houridom  7:675, 683

House of Raghu See Raghuvamsha

Housman, A. E. Alfred Edward Housman (1859-1936), celebrated English poet and classical scholar whose lyrics express a Romantic pessimism in a spare, simple style. (Enc. Br.)  9:355, 447, 449, 472, 478-80, 483 22:177 26:88, 344-45 29:737, 815

Howard probably, John Howard (1726-90), British philanthropist, and reformer in the fields of penology and public health. (Enc. Br.) n 27:121

Howrah a city and district in Bengal (now in West Bengal state), on the west bank of the Hooghly River, opposite Calcutta, with which it is connected by the Howrah Bridge. The city of Howrah is now included within Greater Calcutta. (Enc. Br.) D 2:81 4:189, 291

Hriday(a) nephew of SRI RAMAKRISHNA. Hridaya served as his attendant during the period of his spiritual discipline, but later tormented him. The torment became so unbearable that at one point Sri Ramakrishna was about to commit suicide by jumping into the Ganga. Hridaya was expelled from the temple garden at Dakshineswar on account of certain activities which displeased the temple authorities. (Gospel) a 22:266 23:665 26:495

Hrishikesh(a) "master of the senses", an epithet of Krishna. D [Indexed with Krishna.]

Hubris or Hybris, in classical Greek ethical and religious thought, overweening presumption suggesting

impious disregard of the limits governing men’s actions in an orderly universe. It is the sin to which the

great and gifted are most susceptible, and in Greek tragedy it is usually the basic flaw of the tragic hero. (Enc. Br.) a XV: 15

Hugh Abelard a character – one of the two male children of Stephen’s grandfather – in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Door at Abelard". o 7:1026, 1033

Hug(h)ly See Hooghly

Hugly College the college at Hooghly which Bankim Chandra joined after his school education at Midnapur. (A)  3:75-76

Hugo, Victor Victor Marie Vicomte Hugo (1802-85), French poet, dramatist and novelist. He was a towering figure in 19th- century French literature, and had great power to shape public opinion in France. (Col. Enc.) Der: Hugoesque  3:96, 263 9:96, 100, 313, 329, 372, 422, 521-22, 559-60 14:236 26:238, 270, 340 VI:198 X: 145

Hull a city and borough (until 1974, a county borough) in the county of Humber-side (until 1974 in the former Yorkshire), England. The medieval town grew up on a flat land west of the River Hull. Now Hull is a major national seaport and the largest fishing port in the United Kingdom. (Enc. Br.)  1:22

The Human Enigma a sonnet by Sri Aurobindo written in September 1939. (A)  26:317

Humber a character-King of Norway-in Sri Aurobindo’s play The House of Brut. D 7:883, 885-88

Hume, ‘ David (1711-76), English philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who conceived of philosophy as the inductive, experimental science of human nature. (Enc. Br.) n 26:223 XIV: 127, 164

Hume, 2 Allan Octavian (1829-1912), a member of the Indian Civil Service from 1849 to 1882. Even after retirement he continued to be interested in Indian affairs. He is regarded as one of the founders of the Indian National Congress (1885), and remained its general secretary for the first twenty-two years of its existence. (D.I.H.) Var: Allan Hume; A.O. Hume a 1:53-56. 529 26:17 27:3, 18, 35-36

Hun(a) The Huns were nomads from Central Asia who invaded and ravaged Europe in the 4th and 5th centuries and began their in roads into India in the 5th century AD. Later on the vanquished Huns settled

 in India and were Indianised and Hinduised. Many Rajput tribes are believed to have been Huns in origin. (D.I.H.) a 3:198 13:39 14: 367, 375-76 15:79

Hungary a landlocked country, now a Socialist republic, of central Europe, with Budapest as its capital. (Enc. Br.) a 15:512, 632

Husayn a character – a cook, creditor of Nureddene – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers ofBassora. a 7:635-36

Hussan in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers ofBassora, a companion of Nureddene. a 7:643

Hustina See Hastinapur

Hutashan "devourer of the sacrifice", an epithet of Agni. Var: Hutaashon D 5:238 27:158

Huxley’, Thomas Henry (1825-95), eminent British scientist and humanist whose fame was worldwide. He is renowned for his defence of Darwinism which, however, he accepted with some reservations. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  1:283 3:459, 465 12:402 17:146 22:202 23:577 XIV:127

Huxley2, Aldous Leonard (1894-1963), English author, grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley. A friend and disciple of D. H. Lawrence, he wrote novels, essays, biographies, and travel books. In 1948 Aldous Huxley expressed his full support to the recommendation for the award of the Nobel Prize to Sri Aurobindo. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.; M.I., Aug.’65, p. 10)  9:522, 539 22:126 26:85

Hybia Hybia Minor, in ancient geography, a city on the east coast of Sicily, about twelve miles north of Syracuse. The celebrated Hyblaean honey, mentioned frequently by ancient poets, may have been produced in the vicinity. Hybia Minor is often confused with Hybia on Mt. Aetna, which is called Hybia Major. (N.C.C.H.)  7:1060

Hyde Park largest of the Royal Parks in London. It is in West London, between Bayswater Road and Kensington Road. (Enc. Br.; Pears) l- 7:1017

Hyder Reza, Syed a Nationalist leader, associate of Sri Aurobindo, Tilak and others; leader also of a section of the Muslim community which was altogether against the separate representation of Muslims on the councils. (A) Var: Haldar Reza (a misspelling)  1:329 2:246

Hymns to the Goddess a translation of some hymns, mostly from the Tantra, by Arthur and Ellen Avalon, published in 1913 by Ganesh & Co. (Madras) Ltd. a 17:267

Hymns to the Mystic Fire Volume 11 of the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library (1972). It contains translations of most of the hymns to Agni from the Rig-veda ("translated in their esoteric sense"), together with a "Foreword" and an essay entitled . "The Doctrine of the Mystics". Two earlier editions of the book, with less material, came out in 1946 and 1952. (I & G) D 10:349

Hymn to the Mother See Bande Mataram

Hymn to the Naiads one of the later works (1746) of Akenside. (Enc. Br.) a 11:14

Hypatia (c. 370-415), Alexandrian Neo- platonic philosopher and mathematician, a woman renowned for learning, eloquence and beauty. Her fame is largely owing to her barbarous murder by a band of monks said to have been encouraged by the archbishop St. Cyril of Alexandria. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) n 17:169

Hyperion in Greek religion, a Titan; son of Uranus and Gaea; husband of his sister Theia; and father of Helios (sun-god), Selene (moon-goddess), and Eos (dawn-goddess). "Hyperion" is also an epithet of the Sun himself. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5:410 7:1075 XIV:125

Hyperion an epic poem by John Keats written in 1818, and revised in 1819 with the title altered to The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream. (Enc. Br.)  9:74, 130-31, 521-22 26:267

Hyrtamus in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, a Phthian warrior killed by Penthesilea. (M.I.) D 5:5i5

I

lago a character-Othello’s "Ancient", a villain – in Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, the Moor of Venice. (Shakes.) Der: lagoistic 12:37.481 26:327 1:40, 42 lago,

Saint probably, the form given by Sri Aurobindo to the name "Santiago", which is the Spanish equivalent of the English "Saint James", 7:854, 873, 877 lamblichus a character – a forester – in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Witch of lini". D 7:1057, 1059-60, 1066, 1069-72