-13_Glossary and Index Page 122 to 135.htm

heaven by the austerites of King BHAGI- RATHA. Shiva, to save the earth from the shock of her fall, caught the river on his brow and checked its course with his matted locks. The river descended from Shiva’s brow in several streams. Personified as a goddess, Ganga is the eldest daughter of Himvat (see Himalaya) and Mena. She became the wife of King Santanu and bore a son, Bhishma.

(D I H Dow.) Var Gonga: Gange I 1:466, 557, 829, 867, 2:187, 3:105, 121, 193, 267, 278, 427-28.460. 5:28, 55, 196, 199-202, 204, 209-10, 217, 223-24, 246, 248, 256, 405-06, 489. 6:211, 347 7:812, 917, 935, 941, 955, 974, 990, 1008. 8:32, 69, 71, 102, 105, 107-08, 111, 115, 119-20, 123, 165 9:145, 380 10:89, 97 13:282, 349 14:313 16:86, 284, 430 17:257 26:36, 56, 70, 266, 271 27:119, 159 I:20-23, 29 II:24-25, 69 VII:30 VIII:188 ix:1, 2 X:149, 159 XVI:146 XVII:12

Ganga Math See Ganganath

Ganganath name of a temple situated on a small hill on the bank of the Narmada, about three and a half miles from Chandod. Here Yogi Brahmananda stayed for many years until his death around 1906. (A; A & R) 26:18, 50 (misspelled as Ganga Math) Gangaprasad a Congress leader of U.P., belonging to the Moderate party, who attended the Convention held at Lahore in 1909. (A) n 4:238

Gangaprasad Panalal one of the persons who received Sri Aurobindo at Nasik Road station on 24 January 1908. (A) 1:1

Ganges the former name, in English, of the River Ganga. Official during British days, the use of this Anglicisation has not altogether died out. It is probably a corrupt version of the Hindi expression Gangaji – the honorific of Ganga – as heard, pronounced, and transliterated by the British. D [Indexed with Ganga]

Gangoly, 0. C. Ordhendra Cumar Gangoly (1881-1974). Though an attorney by pro- fession, his main interests were art and music from his very childhood. He became secretary of the Indian Society of Oriental Arts, and edited the Society’s journal Rupam. In 1943 he was appointed "Vageshwari" professor in Calcutta University. Mr. Gangoly was honoured by several institutions like the Fine Arts Academy and the Asiatic Society. He is the author of several books on Indian art, music and sculpture, including South Indian Bronzes, which was reviewed by Sri Aurobindo. (S.B.C.) 14:232 17:274, 277-79, 300

Ganodasa See Ganadasa

Ganpatrao, Maharaja a member of the GAHKWAR family, ruler of Baroda from 1847 to 1856.

(D.I.H.) 27:114 Gardas a character – a villager or townsman - in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer. 6:3, 115, 117, 120-21, 144, 170 The Garden of Proserpine one of Swinburne’s early lyrical poems, which ranks among his best works. (A) 26:265

Garden Reach a locality in Kidderpur, Calcutta. 1:243

Garett sub-divisional officer of Kaithal in the former province of Punjab who heard the Kaul Boycott case in 1909. (A) a 2:180-82

Gargi name of a woman sage, daughter of Vachaknu. Her dialogues with the sage Yajnavalkya are given in the sixth and eighth brahmanas of the third chapter of the Bri- hadaranyaka Vpanishad. (Up. K., pp. 479, 481) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Gargya "descendant of Garga", the patronymic of Balaki, who is mentioned in the second vamsa (list of teachers) in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. (V. Index-1) 12:295, 305

Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807-82), Italian patriot and soldier, a leading figure in the Risorgimento, the period (1815-70) of Italian national unification. (Col. Enc.) 1:335, 379, 499, 876 3:266-67, 480-82  12:484 17:379 X: 148-49

Garlick a government official of Dinaj pur (Bengal) who justified the caning of witnesses and accused by the police as a necessary "method of examination". (A) D 2:137

Garooda See Garuda

Garos one of the western tribes of the Bodo group of peoples speaking Tibeto-Burman languages, in the northwest Indian state of Assam and in Bangladesh. (Enc. Br.) IX: 1, 2

Garth, Mr. probably, a son of Sir Richard Garth, and a member of the Anglo-Indian Defence Association. (A) 1:330-32

Garth, Sir Richard (1820-1903), Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court. (Enc. Ind.; A) Q 1:330

Garuda in Hindu mythology, the bird or eagle, half-man half-bird, on which Vishnu rides. There is a lasting enmity between Garuda and the Nagas (serpents). (Dow.)

Var: Garoodaa  6:214 13:349 17:301 27:326

Gath ancient Philistine city of Palestine, on the borders of Judah. It was the home of the biblical giant Goliath, and a place of refuge for David in his outlaw years. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) 1:6

Gathina Vishwamitra Rishi Vishwamitra, who, according to some authorities, was soi of Gathin.5eeVis(h)wamitra. all: 105, 147

Gathin Kaushika a Vedic Rishi, son of Kusika, and, according to some scholars, the father of Vishwamitra. (V. Index) D 11:141

Gauda a country or its people, referred to in early Sanskrit literature including some of the Puranas. The country seems to have coincided with the modern Murshidabad district of West Bengal. The name Gauda was also used, in a wider sense, for the western and northwestern parts of Bengal, as distinct from Vanga, which comprised eastern and central Bengal (modern Bangladesh). (D.I.H.; Enc. Br.) 14:236 17:301

Gaudapada (fl. c. 7 cent.), a scholar who wrote commentaries on several Upanishads and on the Sdhkhyakdrikd. 0 12:427-28 17:291 IV: 162 XVI: 183

Gaul ancient designation for the land south and west of the Rhine, west of the Alps and north of the Pyrenees, i.e. what is presently France, Belgium, West Germany, and northern Italy. An inhabitant of this ancient region was also called a Gaul. (Col. Enc.; Enc.Br.) D 1:34, 38, 237 3:481 6:543 7:885 10:24 15:296, 318, 342-43, 346, 348, 390 17:180 III: 27

Gaupayanas or Laupayanas four Rishis, sons or descendants of Gopa, who were the authors of four remarkable hymns in the Rig-veda. (Dow.) a n:236

Gauranga Gauranga, "the brilliantly white-bodied one", an epithet or name of CHAITANYA. 0 [Indexed with Chaitanya]

Gauri 1. a name of the consort of Shiva. See Parvati. 2. a name of the goddess connected by Sri Aurobindo at one place (XX: 137) with Maheshwari. [Indexed with Parvati]

Gauripore a small town of Mymensingh district, Bengal (now in Bangladesh). Brajendra Kishore Roy Chowdhury, one of the wealthiest zamindars of East Bengal, belonged to this place. Var: Gauripur 1:156, 302 2:70 27:40

Gautama a descendant of Gotama. Many sages and Rishis, including Nodha, Vamadeva arid Haridrumata, bear this patronymic. Several Gautamas are mentioned in the list of teachers in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. In the Katha Upanishad the term has been used for Nachiketas’ father Vaja- shravasa and for Nachiketas himself. In the Rig-veda, however, the descendants of Gotama are referred to as Gotamas. (M.W.) D 12:239, 257, 259 27:156, 158 VI: 157, 159 VIII: 180-81. 183 IX: 19

Gautama2 a character – the Brahmin buffoon, companion of King Agnimitra - in Sri Aurobindo’s Malavica and the King, a translation of part ofKalidasa’s play Malavikagnimitram. 3:287-88 8:135, 145, 149-50, 152-54 X: 116, 125-27, 129-31, 133-36, 138, 140, 174-75

Gautama Buddha See Buddha

Gavis(h)thira a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri; the name means literally "steadfast in the Light". (V. Index; A) 10:363 11:11, 201, 433

Gawain a hero of Arthurian legend and romance. A nephew and loyal supporter of King Arthur, Gawain appeared in the earliest Arthurian literature as a model of knightly perfection, against whom all other knights were measured. (Enc. Br.) 5:181

Gay, John (1685-1732), poet and dramatist, chiefly famous as the author of The Beggar’s Opera, a skilful blend of literary, political, social, and musical satire. Highly regarded throughout the 18th century, in the 19th Gay was known principally as the author of a series of moral Fables. By the mid-20th century he was again valued as a poet of varied and considerable achievement. (Enc.Br.;Enc.W.B.) 1:11 11:13

Gaya1 Gaya, a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri. a 11:219

Gaya2 Gaya, administrative headquarters of Gaya district in Bihar. Gaya is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, who offer oblations to their forefathers at a particular spot in this city. (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.) D 2:255

Gayakawad Wada Tilak’s premises in Poona (Maharashtra state). (A) D 27:62

Gayatri 1. name of a Vedic metre. 2. a most sacred verse (III.62.10) of the Rig-veda addressed to the Sun as Savitri, the generator. This verse has for thousands of years

been repeated by pious Hindus in their daily meditation. (Dow.;A) 4:23 10:5, 319, 428 11:14, 42, 439, 468 13: 350 23: 747 26:513 (Sri Aurobindo’s Gayatri) XV.-21.50

Gaza one of the chief ancient cities of the Philistines in southwestern Palestine near the Mediterranean. It is the largest city of the present Gaza Strip. (Col. Enc.) 6:8, 99, 128

Geddes, Professor Sir Patric Geddes (1854- 1932), Scottish biologist and sociologist, distinguished especially in town planning. He held professorships at Edinburgh, London, Aberdeen, St. Andrews, and Bombay. In 1932 he was knighted for his service to education. (Col. Enc.) 14:221

Geh(e)lote a clan of Rajputs of the solar race. It has two branches: Sisodia to which Pratap belonged, and Aheri. (H.S.S.) 7:739, 811

Gemini or the Twins, a constellation of the zodiac lying between Cancer and Taurus. The brightest stars in the constellation are Castor and Pollux. In astrology, Gemini is the third sign of the zodiac. (Enc. Br.) XVII: 46-47

Genesis the first book of the Old Testament. It narrates the primeval history of the world and the patriarchal history of the Israelite people. (Enc.Br.) 10:449 18:51

Geneva a canton (state of the Swiss Confederation) and the capital of this canton, at the southwest tip of the Lake of Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva was the former headquarters of the League of Nations. (Col. Enc.; Pears) 2:371, 385 X: 186

George, King George V; George Frederick Ernest Albert (1865-1936), King of Great Britain and Ireland (1910-36). After his coronation (1911) he visited India and held a durbar at Delhi. (Col. Enc.) 26:378

George, St. (fl. 4th cent.?), patron saint of England and one of the great saints of the Eastern Church. He was perhaps a soldier in the Byzantine imperial army who died for the faith in Asia Minor. In old plays and in art St. George is represented as the slayer of the dragon. (Col. Enc.) a i:903 14:203

George, the third George William Frederick (1738-1820), King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820). His reign marked one of the most brilliant periods in British history, but he himself was a controversial and often unpopular figure. (Enc.Br.) 2:123

Georgia an ancient and medieval kingdom south of the Caucasus and bordering on the Black Sea. It now forms a constituent republic of the U.S.S.R., the Georgia Soviet Socialist Republic. (Web. N.C.D.) a 15:647

Georgian in poetry, work of an assortment of British poets writing in the first quarter of the 20th century, so called from Georgian Poetry, an anthology of contemporary verse. This was first published in 1912 (at the beginning of the reign of George V); five volumes in all appeared between 1912 and 1922. With a few exceptions, the Georgians were minor poets writing conventional lyric verse of late Romantic character. (Enc. Br.; H.L.) 9:346-47

Georgics didactic poem (composed 36-29 Be) of 2, 188 hexameter lines in four books by the Latin poet Virgil, in which he deals with all aspects of husbandry and touchingly reveals his own love of the land. (Enc.Br.) a 9:32

Gerald (Curran), Sir a character – father of Patrick Curran – in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The Devil’s Mastiff", 7:1048-49

German (language) one of the two chief representatives of the Germanic group of languages (the other being English), spoken by over 75 million people in East and West Germany, by 7 million in Austria and by 4 million in Switzerland. In addition, there are German-speaking peoples in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and other smaller areas of Europe, bringing the total to between 95 and 100 million. The standard dialect. High German, is distinct from the Low German or colloquial dialects spoken in the lowlands of northern Germany. (Pears) 3:102.181 9:192, 476 10:558, 560-61 11:506 14:71.262 15:299, 410 17:294, 296 26:1, 3, 327 27:89 1:7 XIV: 123, 130 XVII: 66, 73

Germanicus Germanicus Caesar (15 BC-AD 19), Roman general, nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius (AD 14-37). He was a successful and immensely popular general. (Col. Enc.) 3:70.

Germany once the largest country of Central Europe, the German Commonwealth or Empire. After World War II, two separate states were created, West Germany (or the Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (or the German Democratic Republic). The adjective Germanic means "of the Germans" (chiefly historical), of the Teutonic race or any Teutonic people. (Col. Enc.;C.O.D.) Der: German (in senses other than the language);

Germanic; Germanised; Germanism 1:48, 56, 349, 467. 526, 737, 757, 829. 842 2: 32, 34, 261, 306 3:79, 87, 142, 180-81, 375 4:156-57, 167, 212 5:26 7:1013-14, 1024 9:42, 44, 49, 91, 96, 112, 134, 192, 476 10:24, 551 12:486, 498, 500, 508 14:17, 71.177, 262, 270, 400.417 15: 1-2, 17-18, 20. 25, 33-36, 38. 41-46, 50, 196-97, 224, 264, 275, 285-91, 293-94, 297-301, 312, 316, 319-20, 322, 327-29, 331, 347-50, 356-57, 367, 373, 375-76, 378, 381, 383, 410-11. 416-17, 420, 422, 445, 455-57, 467, 469, 473, 478-79, 487-88. 497, 500-01, 503-04, 506, 512-15, 523, 528, 536, 549, 564, 578, 616-17, 624-25, 640, 642. 653 16:200, 214, 310, 312 17:83, 180, 192-93.244, 317-18, 386 22:159, 340 24:1659 26:31, 39, 393, 396, 399 27:11, 81, 181, 466, 469, 475 1:7, 31 III: 12, 27 IV: 161 VIII: 125, 129 XIV: 164 XV: 5 XVI: 137. 180-82 XVII: 42 XX: 118 XXI: 94 XXII: 126

Geronimo See Jeronimo

Gethsemane olive grove or garden near the foot of the Mt. of Olives, east of Jerusalem;

it was the scene of the agony and betrayal of Jesus Christ. (Col. Enc.) n 29:445 1:52

Ghadge, Tarabai a lady, perhaps in the service of Baroda State, who had been taking carriage allowance without keeping any carriage. The Maharaja came to know of this in 1903, and fined the officers concerned. (A) o iv: 193

Ghaneem in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers of Bassora, a companion of Nureddene. (A) n 7:630, 643, 645

Ghatothkach in the Mahabharata, a son of Bhima by the Rakshasi Hidimba. In the great battle he was killed by Kama, who used the fatal lance he had obtained from Indra to kill Arjuna, but had to hurl at Ghatotkaca. (Dow.) n 1:364

Ghora an Indian sage, descendant of Angiras, mentioned as a teacher in the Kausitaki Brdhmana and in the Chandogya Upanishad, where he is the teacher of Krishna, son of Devaki. (V. Index) n 10:169 14:280 20:48 VI:156 XIV:133

Ghosal, Sarala popularly known as Sarala Devi (18737-1945), daughter of Janaki Nath Ghosal of Calcutta, an old leader of the Congress. About the year 1897 she took the lead in organising a physical training movement in Bengal similar to the one she had seen in Maharashtra. She set up a gym- nasium and appointed a famous gymnast of Goa to train the members in sword and

Ghose, A. K. Aswini Kumar Ghose (c. 1880- ? ) of Dacca, one of the leaders of the Indian labour movement, especially the Railway Union. Unaided by the power of" oratory, he nonetheless became the spokes- man of thousands of men by honest work and organising power. – (A; P.T.I.) D 1:142-43, 148, 151)

Ghose, Aravind A. (or Arvind, or Aravinda, or Arvindo, or Aurobindo) "Aravinda" is the transliteration of a Sanskrit word meaning "lotus". In Bengali "v" becomes "b" and the "a"s are flattened in the direction of "o". Hence the spelling "Aurobindo" was not adopted by Sri Aurobindo until he settled in Bengal in 1906. Before that he had tried out three or four different spellings. D [All indexed under Sri Aurohindo]

Ghose, Aurobindo Ackroyd name given to Sri Aurobindo by his father. (Annette Akroyd was the maiden name of an English- woman who was a friend of his father and was probably present at the ceremony of naming the child.) The first record of this name is in an English school document of 1884, and there the middle name is spelled "Ackroyd". Sri Aurobindo apparently never knew how the lady spelled her name; indeed he probably knew little or nothing about her throughout his life. He dropped this middle name before he left England and never used it again. Until 1906, however, he signed his name Aravind A. Ghose. (Purani, p.7) n 26:2

Ghose, Barindra Kumar (1880-1959), Sri Aurobindo’s younger brother (intimately called BARI), born at Croydon, England. He passed the entrance examination from Deoghar School and First Year Arts from Dacca University. Around 1902 he went to stay with Sri Aurobindo at Baroda. Here he became filled with the urge to prepare the country for a revolutionary movement for freedom from British subjection. The scheme of BHAWANI MANDIR was mainly his idea, and, though it did not materialize, Barindra tried to establish something like it on a small

scale in Manicktolla Gardens near Calcutta. He secretly recruited boys for the work and trained them there. To mobilize public opinion and support, he earlier had started a Bengali daily, Yugantar. In 1908 the police came to know of his activities, and in May he and many others were arrested and tried in the case known as the Manicktolla Conspiracy Case or Alipore Bomb Case. Barindra, with other members of the group, made a full confession soon after his arrest. Barindra was awarded the death sentence by the Sessions Judge but the Appellate Court reduced the sentence to imprisonment for life. He was released from the Andamans in 1920. In the middle of the same year he visited Sri Aurobindo at Pondicherry, and came again in 1923 to stay in the Ashram. After about six years, however, Barindra left the Ashram. (Enc. Ind.; P.T.I.; A.B.T.; Purani) n 1:59 4: pre., 262.272, 293-94, 320 26: 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 42, 51, 65.67, 69, 435-38 27:421, 488-89, 492-94 11:85 IV: 198 V:100 VII: 1, 11, 23 XVII: 68 Ghose, Biren Birendranath Ghose, a relation of Mrinalini’s, who joined Barin’s group at the Manicktolla Garden. He was among those who were later arrested. Biren was, however, acquitted at the Sessions Court. (Remini.; A& R, IX; 89-90; A.B.T.) a 26:57, 63

Ghose, Hemendra Prasad (1876-1962), a nationalist who served his country’s cause principally through his journalism. He was a close associate of Sri Aurobindo’s, and was on the editorial staff of Bande Mataram. Later, he conducted and edited various journals. His association with Basumati lasted until his death. (D.N.B.; Auro-II; A) a 1:81 26:28, 59 27: pre.

Ghose, Jogendrachandra a member of the Legislative Assembly of India around 1908. (A) a 4:259

Ghose, Kali Prasunna (1843-1910), a distinguished prose-writer in Bengali, and editor of Bandhava. He was a scholar of history and psychology, and very learned in Sanskrit, English and Bengali. He had the titles of RaiBahadur, C.I.E., and Vidyasagar conferred on him. (N.B.A.;A) D 3: 98

Ghose, K. D. Dr. Krishna Dhan Ghose (1844-92), father of Sri Aurobindo, and a physician in the Bengal Civil Medical Service. After two years’ sabbatical in England studying for his M.D., he returned

to India an atheist and in all respects completely Anglicised with a disgust for everything Indian. He was appointed Civil Medical Officer of Rangpur, where he proved himself an energetic physician and health officer. He also took a very prominent part in the civic life of the town, and the administrative officers held him in high esteem. He won the love and respect of the people as a skilful doctor and a selfless philanthropist, extremely generous to the poor. In 1883, vexed and alarmed at the immense popularity and indispensable assistance of Dr. Ghose, the new British magistrate had him sent away from Rangpur. He was transferred to Bankura, and within a year again to Khulna, where he spent the rest of his life. Depressed by his wife’s in- sanity, disillusioned in the end with British culture, and deeply distressed by the news of the sinking of the ship on which his Aurobindo was supposed to be returning to India, Dr. Ghose died a profoundly unhappy man at the age of forty-eight. a 27:417 11:88 Ghose,

 Lalmohan (1849-1909), a barrister practising at Calcutta High Court, a thorough constitutionalist, absolutely loyal to the British connection. He was the greatest Indian orator of his time, and was president of the Congress session at Madras in 1903. He translated Meghanddavudha- kdvya, a Bengali epic poem by Michael Madhusudan Dutt, into English. (D.I.H.’.A) Var:

Lalmohun D 1:463, 598 2:207-08, 224 3:100 4:195-96 27:42.120

Ghose, Manmohan’ (1844-96), a barrister, a journalist, and one of the founders in 1861 of the Indian Mirror, a fortnightly paper which he edited till March 1862. He was an effective speaker, though his oratory did not reach the level of his brother Lalmohan’s. In politics, he was a leader of the Moderates in Calcutta, and a supporter of Pherozshah Mehta. He was a close friend (but no relation) of Dr. K. D. Ghose. It was in Manmohan’s house that K. D. Ghose’s son Aurobindo was born in 1872. (D.N.B.) a 1:17-18.21-24.44 2:208

Ghose, Manmohan2 Sri Aurobindo’s elder brother. See Manmohan (Ghose)

Ghose, Motilal (1847-1922), a Calcutta journalist who during his time was one of the most influential members of the middle section of opinion, neither Moderate nor Nationalist. Although educated at home and Ghose, N. N. Girija Shankar

without university qualifications, he became one of the most respected writers in the Bengali press. He was for many years an editor of Amrita Bazar Patrika. (D.N.B.;

A; P.T.I.) a 1:142, 282 2:240, 281, 295, 314 4:178, 209-10, 241 27:27 XIV: 103, 106

Ghose, N. N. Nagendra Nath Ghose (1854-1909), principal of Metropolitan College (now Vidyasagar College), Calcutta, and editor of the weekly journal Indian Nation. He was permanent president of the Dawn Society, an academy of non-political cultural nationalism started in July 1902. (A;I.F.F.;S.B.C.) D 1:253-55, 264-66, 280-82, 405, 505-06, 518-20, 524-26

Ghose, Piyusha Kanti name used by Sri Aurobindo to denote an imaginary Bengali as opposed to John Smith, an imaginary Englishman. (A) D 22:406

Ghose, Rash Behari, Dr. (1845-1921), a leading vakil of the Calcutta High Court, and a Moderate in politics, who took a prominent part in the Swadeshi movement. He presided over the (broken-up) Surat session of the Congress in December 1907 and the Madras session in 1908. (D.I.H.; D.N.B.) Var:

 Ghosh, —; Ras(h)behari D 1: 296-97, 414, 572, 583-85, 599, 650. 689, 819. 878, 892, 897, 899 2:279, 310 4:183.203, 223 26:47

Ghose, Sailendranath secretary of the Bande Mataram company, who was called by the prosecution to appear as a witness in the Bande Mataram sedition case (1907). (A) a 1:549

Ghose, Sarojini the only sister of Sri Aurobindo, the fourth child of K. D. Ghose, senior only to Barindra. To family and friends she was known as Saro. (A) a 2:pre. 4:317-18, 322 27:420 1:68, 71, 74, 76 III: 86 VII: 10, 23

Ghose, Shishir Shishir Kumar Ghose, a young man of jessore who was arrested at the Manicktolla Gard&n on 2 May 1908 and tried in the Alipore Bomb Case. His sentence of transportation for ten years awarded by the Sessions Court was reduced to rigorous imprisonment for five years’ after an appeal to the High Court. (A.B.T.) n 4:290

Ghose, Shishir Kumar (1840-1911), a journalist prominent in the second half of the 19th century as editor of Amrita Bazar Patrika from 1868 to 1893. From 1893 he devoted himself wholly to the propagation of the Vaishnava cult, editing a new periodical, the HINDU SPIRITUAL MAGAZINE. (D.N.B.; N.S.I.) D l:l56

Ghosh, Ananga Mohan a leader (c. 1906) of Comilla, Bengal (now in Bangladesh). (A) l-l 27:25

Ghosh, Biren See Ghose, Biren

Ghosh, Rash Behari See Ghose, Rash Behari

Ghosha, Akshaya Kumara a man of Bombay who, claiming to be a friend of Sri Aurobindo’s family, wanted Sri Aurobindo to join him in some enterprises. (A) D 111:86

The Ghost perhaps Sri Aurobindo means Blake’s The Ghost of Abel, a short dramatic dialogue published in 1822. (Ox. Comp.) a II: 19

Giannina the name of a girl, perhaps borrowed from a poem of Browning’s, o 27:132

Gibbon, Edward (, 1737-94), English historian, considered the greatest English historian of his century. His major work was The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776-88). His autobiography is one of the most subtle and interesting works of its kind in English. (Col. Enc.;

Enc.Br.) a 3:97

Gierson perhaps the director of some large banking concern in India around 1909. (A) a 4:206

Gifford, William (1756-1826), satirical poet, classical scholar, and early editor of the 17th-century English playwrights, remembered as the first editor (1809-24) of The Quarterly Review of London. (Enc. Br.) 0 11:11.17

Gilbert’, Sir William Schwenk (1836-1911), playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Sir Arthur Sullivan in comic operas. Their works collectively became known as the "Savoy Operas". See also Sullivan. (Enc.Br.) a 1:415

Gilbert2 a name mentioned only once in Longfellow’s narrative poem The Courtship of Miles Standish. (P.W.L., p. 286) D 5:377

Gir, the an area in Giyara near the Girnar Hills, situated near Junagarh on the Kathiawar Peninsula. It was perhaps formerly included in the princely state of Baroda. (Enc.Br.) a XV: 74, 76

Girgaum a busy locality in Bombay where Sri Aurobindo gave a speech on ”National Education" on 15 January 1908. (A) n 27:67

Girija Shankar See Roy Chaudhuri, Girija Shankar

Giris Babu See Bose, G. C.

Girivraj an ancient royal city and capital of Magadha, identified with the present Rajagriha in Bihar. (Dow.) a 8:44, 51

Girl a zodiacal constellation observed from antiquity and pictured as a maiden holding an ear of corn; it is the sixth sign of the zodiac. It is known as Kanya in Hindu astronomy, and as Virgo in Latin as well as in English. Sri Aurobindo found the modem associations of the term inappropriate and preferred "the Girl", a literal translation of Virgo. (Col.Enc.;A) n 17:257-58, 260

Gimar a sacred mountain situated near Junagarh on the Kathiawar Peninsula. It has on it a large number of magnificent temples and historical inscriptions. (D. I. H.) n 17:331

Gispati Kavyatirtha ( ? -1926), a political leader of Howrah, and founder of the Calcutta Sanskrit Sahitya Parishad. In the Swadeshi movement he worked as an associate of Kali Prasanna "Kavyavisharada", and gained popularity by making political speeches. He was a friend of Sri Aurobindo, and accompanied him on some of his speaking tours in 1909. (S.B.C.;A) n 2:81 4:210

Gita See Bhagavadgita

Gitanjali a collection of songs in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, which was translated by the poet into English. For the English version (published in 1912) he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. (D.I.H.) n 9:434, 453 26:235

Gita-rahasya (full name: Snmadbhagavad- gita Rahasya or Karmayoga-Sastra) a learned commentary on the Gita in Marathi by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, written in prison (1908-14) and published in 1915. It has been translated into many languages. (B.A.C.; Enc. Br.) 0 17:350

Gitar Bhumika title of a book (1920) con- taining Sri Aurobindo’s articles on the Gita reproduced from the Bengali journal Dharma. It was published by the Prabartak SanghofChahdernagore. (A) l-l 3:199 4: pre.

Gizeh or Giza (El Giza or El Gizeh), a town in Egypt, on the Nile opposite Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Cheops (or Khufu) and the Great Sphinx are not far (about 5 miles) to the west of the town. (Col. Enc.) n 26:316

Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-98), British statesman, dominant personality of the Liberal party from 1868 till 1894, often considered the greatest British statesman of the 19th century. He was prime minister four times, 1868-74. 1880-85, 1886, and 1892-94. (Enc. Br.) n 1:8.448, 463, 602, 863 2:158 3:338, 393, 396-97 4:188 27:121 XXI: 101

Glasnevin suburb of Dublin, Ireland, in Dublin county. It contains Parnell’s burial place, and is also the site of the famous botanical gardens founded by the Royal Dublin Society in 1790. (Enc. Am.) n 5:11, 14

Glaucus name (of several figures in Greek mythology) given by Sri Aurobindo to one of  the speakers in his poem Songs to Myrtilla. (Enc. Br.) n 5:1-5

Gnossus or Cnossus, an ancient city of Crete, near the sea on the north coast and near the modern Candia. (Col. Enc.) 0 5:407, 486, 514

Goalundo name of a town and a ferry-ghat on the Ganga in Bengal (now in Bangla- desh). a 2:358, 361-62 4:247-48

Gobbo, Lancelot See Lancelot Gobbo

Gobinda, Guru See Govind(a) (Singh), Guru

Gocool; Gocul See Gokul

Godavarie one of the seven sacred rivers of the Hindus. It rises in the Western Gnats about 50 miles from the Arabian Sea, flows across the Deccan plateau and falls into the Bay of Bengal a few miles above Masulipatam(Machilipatnam). (D.I.H.) a 6:211

Godiva Lady Godiva (fl. c. 1040-80), Anglo-Saxon gentlewoman famous for her legendary ride while nude through Coventry, Warwickshire. She was wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia and Lord of Coventry, with whom she founded and endowed a monastery at Coventry. The legend, begun in medieval chronicle and surviving in several forms, runs as follows: Godiva’s husband, in exasperation over her relentless imploring that he reduce Coventry’s heavy taxes, declared that he would do so if she rode naked through the crowded marketplace. She did so, her hair covering all of her body except her legs. All shutters were closed, and the one man who looked out earned the name of Peeping Tom. Tennyson and others made her the subject of poems. (Enc. Br.) a 1:179

A God’s Labour a poem by Sri Aurobindo. The manuscripts bear two dates, 31-7-1935 and 1-1-1936. (A) n 26:153

God, the Invisible King a book by H. G. Wells, reviewed by Sri Aurobindo in Arya. (A) a 17:324

Goebbels, (Paul) Joseph (1897-1945), German National Socialist propagandist. A club foot kept him from war service. In 1933 Hitler made him propaganda minister. As an orator he was second only to Hitler in his ability to hypnotise his audience. (Col. Enc.) n 26:388

Goering, Hermann Wilhelm (1893-1946), German National Socialist, a leader of the Nazi party and one of the prime architects of the Nazi police state, air force, rearmament, and wartime economy. In 1939 Hitler designated him as his successor and in 1940 made him the Marshal of the Empire. (Col. Enc.;

Enc.Br.) n 26:388

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832), German poet, thinker, dramatist, novelist, and scientist. His versatile genius embraced most fields of human endeavour. (Col. Enc.) a 3:69, 87, 114, 147, 303, 454 5:26 9: 44, 49, 100, 103-04, 192, 212, 480, 521-23, 555 14:47 15:35, 244 17:385 22:181 26:67, 256 27:89 1:63 IX: 32, 45 X: 114 XVII: 66, 73 XIX: 80

Gokhale a character, representing Gopal Krishna Gokhale, in "The Slaying of Congress", a tragedy published in Bande Mataram (February 1908). a 1:673-83, 685, 689-90, 693-94

Gokhale, Gopal Krishna (1866-1915), a very prominent Indian nationalist leader, the chief advocate of moderation, opposing vigorously all talk of boycotts and violence. Associated with the Congress from its inception, he was its Joint Secretary for several years, and pre- sided over its 1905 session at Benares. He founded the Servants of India Society in 1906. (D.I.H.; Gilbert, p. 35) n 1:152-54, 157, 186, 188-89, 193, 207-08, 245, 250, 253, 292, 301, 360, 373-75, 381, 387, 414, 584, 598-99, 627, 689, 754, 819, 866, 877, 896 2:75-80, 103, 113-15, 158-59, 199, 204, 208, 238-39, 246, 255, 277, 279, 283, 297, 305, 309-10, 313, 320, 325, 332, 334, 370 4:177, 179, 182-84, 191, 199, 202-03, 206, 211, 216, 222, 225-26, 230-31, 233-34, 238, 244 17:369 26:49 27:4, 30, 33, 36, 57, 67 VIII: 123-26 XIV: 103, 106

Gokul a pastoral town on the Yamuna near Mathura where Krishna passed his boyhood with the cowherds. (Dow.) Var: Gocool;

Gocul n 1:559, 595, 665 8:246, 256, 258, 284 22:426

Golab Singh (d. 1857), Maharaja of Kashmir. He played a leading part in the negotiations of the Treaty of Lahore (1846), by which Kashmir with its dependencies was ceded to the British. The latter in their turn handed Kashmir over to Golab Singh for one million sterling. Golab Singh, who was given the title of Maharaja, maintained very ami- able relations with the British Government till his death in 1857. The line founded by him ruled in Kashmir until its integration with India in 1948. (D.I.H.) a 1:394

Golconde name of an Ashram residential building in Pondicherry, a remarkable archi- tectural achievement in which the Mother worked out her own idea through Czech architects. It was designed by Antonin Raymond with detailing and execution by George Nakashima and Francois Sammer. All the objects in Golconde, the rooms, the fittings, the furniture, are individually artistic and form a harmonious whole. (A) a 25:230-31

"Golden Bengal" See Sonar Bangia

Goldighi See College Square

Goldsmith, Oliver (17307-74), British poet, essayist, dramatist and novelist, who pos- sessed extraordinary literary gifts. (Enc. Br.) a 1:456 9:551 1:9 11:11, 16-17, 19

Goliath in the Bible, a gigantic Philistine who challenged the Israelites. The young David, fortified by faith, accepted the challenge, and killed Goliath with a stone from a sling. (Col. Enc.) a 15:80, 616 XIII: 47

Goloka in Hindu religion, the Vaishnava heaven of eternal beauty and bliss. It is Krishna’s heaven, a later addition to the original series of seven Lokas. (A; Dow.) D 12:466 17:172 18:23, 257 20:485 22:110, 245 26:114 II: 76, 79-80

Gonds group of aboriginal peoples of central India exceeding three million in number. They live in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Orissa. There is no cultural uniformity among the Gonds. (Enc.Br.) n IX: 1.2

Gonen Maharaj See Ganen Maharaj

Goorkha(s) See Gurkha(s)

Gopal1 "cow-keeper", a name of the youth- ful Krishna, who lived among the cowherds inVrindavan. (Dow.) D [Indexed with Krishna]

Gopal2 See Ray, Gopal Chandra

Gopalaca a character – a son of King Mahasegn of Avunthie – in Vasavadutta, a dramatic romance by Sri Aurobindo. D 6:207. 211-14, 220-25, 228-32, 234-42, 245-48, 255-56, 259-60, 262-64, 270, 298, 305-08, 313-16, 327-29

Gopavana (Atreya) a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Atri. n 11:363-64

Gordian knot; knot of Gordius a proverbial term for a problem solvable only by drastic action. In 333 BC Alexander the Great, on his march through Anatolia, reached Gordium, capital of Phrygia. There he was shown the chariot of the ancient founder of the city, King Gordius, with its yoke lashed to the pole by means of a knot with its end hidden. An oracle had revealed that the knot would be undone only by the future master of Asia. In the popular account, Alexander cut the knot through with his sword; but according to an earlier version, he found the ends by cutting into the knot or by drawing out the pole. (Enc.Br.) D 16:280 18:232 22:165 IX: 14

Gorgias GorgiasofLeontini(c.483-c.376 Be), Greek sophist and rhetorician, formulator of a nihilistic philosophy. His three propositions were: nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if it can be known, the knowledge of it cannot be communicated. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) o 3:66

Gorgon in Greek mythology, a monster figure. Homer spoke of a single Gorgon - a monster of the underworld. The later Greek poet Hesiod increased the number of Gorgons to three – Sthens (the Mighty, Euryale (the Far Springer), and Medusa (the Queen). The Attic tradition regarded the Gorgon as a monster produced by Ge, the goddess Earth, to aid her sons against the gods. (Enc.Br.) a 5:11 6:1, 16, 44, 68-69, 174, 441 28:212

Gorhe, Sakaram Dadaji Sakharam Gorhe (1833-1910), a political martyr of Nasik (Maharashtra state), a revolutionary belong- ing to the Abhinava Bharat organisation. He died in jail while undergoing rigorous imprisonment. (Enc. Ind.) n 1:1

Gorst, Sir Eldon Sir John Eldon Gorst (1835-1916), British lawyer and politician who held a seat in the House of Commons from 1866 to 1906 (excluding the years 1868-75). (Enc. Br.) a 2:407

Gosain See Goswami, Dhirananda. (Note: Gosain is a corrupt and more popular form of the term Goswami, a sub-caste among the Brahmins. Sri Aurobindo has at other places also spelled it "Gossain".) n 8:347-48

Gossain, Noren Narendranath Goswami, son of a rich zamindar and a member of the revolutionary party who turned an approver in the Alipore Bomb Case, but was shot dead inside the jail hospital on

August 31, 1908, by a revolutionary prisoner Kanailal Dutt in collaboration with Satyen Bose. (P.T.I.; A.B.T.;Purani) n 2:375, 377 3:431 4:272-74, 276, 292-97, 313 26:67

Gosse, Sir Edmund (1849-1928), translator, literary historian, and critic who introduced the work of Ibsen and other continental writers to English readers. (Enc. Br.) a l:l0

Goswami, Bijoy Vijoy Krishna Goswami (1841-99), a great spiritual leader and social reformer of Bengal. He was a yogi, and spiritual guru of Satish Mukherji and many other Bengali political workers and leaders. He was attracted to the Brahmo Samaj in his student life, and later became a preacher and preceptor. But after he took up yoga, he was reconverted to Hinduism. (L. to SL; A; S. B. C.) Var: Bejoy Goswami l-l 2:412 22:417 26:16, 43, 118, 125

Goswami, Dhirananda a character – leader of a band of sannyasis – in Bankim Chandra’s novel Ananda Math. (A) n 8:347-48

Goswami, Narendranath See Gossain, Noren

Goswami, Srish (1891-1958), a Bengali dis- ciple of Sri Aurobindo from 1922. He was in charge of the Arya Publishing House, Calcutta, for some time in the 1930s. The last two years of his life he spent in the Ashram. a 26:66

Gotama (Rahugana) a Vedic Rishi who is mentioned several times in the Rig-veda, but never in such a way as to denote personal authorship of any hymn. It seems clear that he was closely connected with the Angirasas. That he bore the patronymic Rahugana (descendant of Rahugana) is rendered probable by one hymn of the Rig-veda, and is assumed in the Satapatha Brahmana, where he is mentioned as a Purohita (family priest), as a bearer of Vedic civilisation, and as a contemporary of Janaka and Yajna- valkya. (V. Index)

0 4:23 10:128, 257, 264-66, 271 11:11, 34, 177 IV: 125 IX: 3 X:179

Gotamas Sec Gautama’ a 27:191 HI: 50 VIII: 147 X-.183 XVIII: 174

Goth member of a German tribe which invaded the Eastern and Western Roman Empires from the 3rd to the 5th centuries and founded kingdoms in Italy, France and Spain. Gothic architecture is a style of building practised in Europe in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, sometimes called "pointed style" for its conspicuous use of the pointed arch and vault.

The Gothic language is an extinct East Germanic language. Gothic romance refers to a type of novel which flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England, and has again become popular. The mystery of each tale is heavily tinged with horror and with terror of the supernatural. (C.O.D.; Col. Enc.) Der:

Gothic a 1:237, 526, 863 9:42 14:214, 216 15:79, 289 16:83 17:294 II: 15

Gotham probably. Merry Tales of Gotham by A. B. (perhaps Andrew Borde, a physician, c. 1490-1549) of which a 1630 edition is extant, or The Merry Tales of Gotham by Stapleton. For some reason, which is not clearly established, a reputation for folly was from very early times attributed to the inhabitants of Gotham, a village in Nottinghamshire (England). The tradition once established, it seems probable that many new stories of folly were fathered on the village. These were collected in the Merry Tales of Gotham by A. B. (Ox. Comp.) D 11:19

Gothberg Goteborg or Gothenburg, city in southwestern Sweden; the second largest city of Sweden. (Col. Enc.) a 6:478, 480-81, 514, 559

Gough, Dr. probably, Archibald Edward Gough, author of The Philosophy of the Upanishads and Ancient Indian Metaphysics published in 1891 (2nd edition). Belonging to Lincoln College, Oxford, Dr. Gough was the principal of Calcutta Madrasa; and his book is based on a series of articles contributed by him to Calcutta Review (October 1876 to April 1880). D 14:46-47

Gould, Jay (1836-92), American capitalist. He rose from being a country-store clerk and surveyor’s assistant to the control of half the railroad mileage in southwestern U.S., of New York City’s elevated railroads, and of the Western Union Telegraph Company. (Col. Enc.) D 12:501

Gouranga misspelling of Gauranga. See Chaitanya.

Govinda "who makes us attain Light or World of Light", a name of Krishna. D [Indexed with Krishna]

Govindadas (1537-1612), famous Vaishnava poet of Bengal. Till the age of forty he was a worshipper of Shakti; later he became a Vaishnavite. His poems, called "padas", are collected in two books: Sangeet Madhava Padavali and Karnamrita. (N.B.A.) n 9:307-08

Govind(a) (Singh), Guru  (1666-1708), the tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs, who succeeded his father Tegh Bahadur in 1675 and occupied the position till his murder in the Deccan by an Afghan in 1708. Guru Govinda retained the old theology but altered the whole genius of the Sikh brotherhood and turned the Sikhs from a passive religious group into a dynamic socio-political body and a military power. The brotherhood so constituted was called the"Khalsa". (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.) Var:

Guru Gobinda a 1:308, 613 2:13 3:110 4:147, 169.171 14:132 15: 354 IX:29

Gracchus, Tiberius Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (c. 163-133 Be), Roman statesman and social reformer. He stood for the tri- bunal of the people in 133 BC as an avowed reformer, and was elected. On his election he immediately proposed and succeeded in passing the Sempronian Law to redistribute the public lands which the rich had taken over. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 1:24

Graces in Greek mythology, three sister goddesses, daughters of Zeus and Eurynome:

Euphrosyne (Joyfulness), Aglaia (Bright- ness), and Thalia (Bloom). They were personifications of beauty and charm. (Col. Enc.) D 5:6, 32, 495, 524, 538, 543, 546 11:472

Graecised See Greece

Graeco- combining form of Greece, with the sense "relating to the Greek settlements or states established in certain regions abroad", or, "partly Greek and partly …". (O.E.D.) D

Graeco-Apulian 15:344 Graeco-Bactria(n) 8:61 14:376 Graeco-Indian 17:276 Graeco-Italians 1:526 Graeco-Latin 10:77 14:397 Graeco-Roman of or influenced by both Greece and Rome. (O.E.D.) a 9:42, 546 13:28 14:2, 15, 19, 54, 375, 377 15:15, 69, 281, 296-97, 348, 564 16:310, 323 17:168-69, 274, 317-19 V: 95 VIII: 172 XIV: 127 XV: 18 ‘ Graeco-Syrian 6:454

Graiae in Greek mythology, daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, and sisters of the Gorgons. Three in number, they are an incarnation of age, being grey-haired from birth and having but one eye and one tooth between them. Perseus contrived to steal

their eye and by this device made them tell him the way to the Gorgons, or, according to another account, threw the eye away and left them blind and unable to help their sisters (the Gorgons). (O.C1.D.) a 6:174

Grammarian’s Funeral a poem by Browning. (A) a 9:474

Grampians mountain system cutting northeast-southwest across central Scotland and separating the Highlands from the Lowlands. (Col. Enc.) n 15:348

Granada city and capital of Granada province of southern Spain, in Andalusia. Picturesquely situated, it is a tourist centre, attractive because of its long history. (Col. Enc.) 0 7:597

Grand Monarque, The Louis XIV of France (1638-1715), who ruled France in one of its most brilliant periods and remains the symbol of absolute monarchy of the classical age. (Ox. Comp.; Enc. Br.) n 3:262

Grand Trunk Road road constructed by Sher Shah (1540-45), which extended for 1500 kos (about 3000 miles) from Sonargaon in east- ern Bengal to the Indus. The road still exists connecting Calcutta with Upper India up to Amritsar in Punjab. (D.I.H.) D 26:463

Gray, Thomas (1716-71), English poet who, although a prolific writer of prose, left only a handful of finely finished poems characterised by a melodic sweetness. It was after years of revision that he finished his famous An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, in 1750. (Col. Enc.) D 1:704 9:92, 171, 530 27:86 29:744 1:9-10 11:11-17

Gray, Dorian See Dorian Gray

Grayson, Victor probably a Labour leader of Britain around 1909. (A) a 4:215

Great Aranyaka See Brihadaranyaka

Great Bear "Ursa Major" called Saptarsi in Hindu astronomy; a constellation of seven stars conspicuous in the northern celestial hemisphere. (Col. Enc.) D 9:403 10:167

Great Britain See Britain

Great Illusion, The the best-known work of Sir Norman Angell, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize of 1933. It is an antiwar book, published in 1910 and revised in 1933. It was translated into many languages. (Enc. Br.) D 15:585

Great Pyramid, the the northernmost and the oldest of the three pyramids of Giza (or Gizeh) built by Khufu (Greek, Cheops), the second king of the 4th dynasty. It is also the largest of the three, the length of each side averaging 775.75 ft. and its original height being 481.4 ft.’ (Enc. Br.) a 26:316

Great Russia the same as Russia in its political meaning, i.e. Russian Federal Socialist Republic, the largest of the fifteen constituent republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, having Moscow as its capital. (Enc. Am.) a 15:512

Great War See (World) War

Greco-Turkish peace apparently a diplomatic demarche of June-July 1914. The Treaty of London (1913) had ended the First Balkan War. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. '27]

Greece a country occupying the southernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula and numerous islands in the Ionian and Aegean seas. (Col. Enc.) Der: Grecian;

Graecised; Greek (in senses other than the language) a 1:34, 120, 256, 305-06, 321, 467, 506, 520.715, 733, 737, 757, 768-69, 787, 843, 881, 903 2: 34, 39, 108-09.168-69, 248, 406 3:22, 30, 37-38, 79, 101, 105, 108-10, 137, 159, 189, 199, 221, 227. 296, 299, 302, 417, 424, 487 4:15, 22, 109-10, 143, 154, 166, 238, 252 5:26, 258, 392-93, 395, 397-403, 405-06, 408-09, 411, 413-16, 418, 420, 422, 425, 427-29, 432, 434, 438-39, 445-46, 448-50, 457-58, 463-64, 469-80, 482-83, 485, 487-89.493, 498. 501, 505-06, 516, 518, 534, 549, 596 6:1. 55, 192.197, 337, 354, 357, 364, 371, 374, 380, 414, 421.426, 431-33 7:578, 620, 894 9:18, 37, 44-46, 51, 56, 65, 67, 81, 149, 151, 153, 191, 193-94, 226, 237-38, 242-43, 245, 320, 322, 381-82, 410, 414, 423, 426, 523, 529 10:4-5, 15, 23-27, 43, 77, 87-88, 106, 153. 249, 439, 445, 448, 555, 566-67 11: 2-4, 11, 264, 463, 466, 468 12:409, 499, 503 13:37, 142, 198 14:14, 19, 25, 27, 50, 63, 67, 80, 82, 103, 121, 147-48, 166, 173-75, 185, 190, 201-03, 213, 216, 221-23, 228-30, 257, 293, 328, 349-50, 363, 366-67, 392, 406 15:15, 82, 86, 89-90, 116, 148, 176-78, 263, 268, 287, 290, 295, 298, 328, 337-40, 342-43, 348, 375, 417, 438, 445, 469, 478, 486, 498, 522, 600, 646 16:1, 79, 125, 197-98, 276, 282-83, 306, 309-10, 335, 339, 341-44, 347-50, 352-53, 362, 364, 366, 371 17:96, 195, 237, 240-41, 245, 248, 275, 281, 301-03, 317, 377, 394 19:731, 896 20:298, 428 22:12, 103, 160, 185, 416 23:556, 834 24:1562 26:209 27:96, 111, 148, 150-51, 153, 201-02, 204, 309, 352 1:8, 31 11:6, 14 V: 42-43, 75-77, 86 VI: 134, 199 VIII: 172-73 IX: 28, 42 X: 160, 162 XIII: 33 XIV: 127, 164, 168 XV: 5, 11, 15, 17, 20-21, 44, 51 XVI: 134, 137- 38, 141, 144, 172, 179-81 XVII: 48 XVIII: 161, 165 XX: 147 XXI: 11

Greek (language) Indo-European language spoken primarily in Greece. Its history can be traced from the 14th century BC to the present. Several phases of the language are differentiated: Ancient Greek, Hellenistic Greek (also called the Koine), Byzantine Greek, and Modern Greek. (Enc. Br.) a 1:266 3: 79, 105, 108, 197-99, 241, 244 5: 342, 344, 362, 370-71, 380, 551, 585, 587 6:2 7:1015 8:407 9:6, 37, 61.65, 67, 142, 171, 395, 399, 407, 413, 420, 426, 523 10:26, 36, 59, 67, 70, 87, 153, 155, 185, 225, 252, 259, 318, 352, 358, 494, 500, 555, 557-62, 566-67 11:77, 447-48, 450, 456, 461, 463-64, 487, 506 12:401 14:59, 297, 304 15:90, 296 16:79, 125, 336 17:291, 294-97 18:395 26:1-3, 111, 254 27:102, 156, 163, 166, 169, 171-72, 334, 338, 475 I:12, 16, 24 II: 13, 15, 22, 27, 30, 36 III: 22, 52-54, 56, 60, 64 IV: 136, 148, 150, 152, 155 V: 42-43, 77 VI:139, 143, 153-54 XIV:130, 163, 166 XV: 23, 47 XVI: 137, 149, 163, 167, 172 XVII: 2, 19, 44-47, 55, 66, 72-73

Green probably, Matthew Green (1696-1737), author of The Spleen, a poem in praise of the simple contemplative life as a cure for boredom. (Ox. Comp.) Q 11:11

Grey the counsel for the prosecution in the Patiala Case (c. 1910), which was really aimed at destroying the Arya Samaj. (A) n 2:353-54, 370

Grey, Sir Edward Edward Grey (1862-1933), 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, British statesman. His eleven years as Foreign Secretary (1905-16), the longest uninterrupted tenure of that office in history, were marked by the start of World War I, about which he made a comment that became proverbial: "The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our life." (Enc. Br.) n 2:298

Grey Street a street of North Calcutta. The "Navashakti" office was located at 48 Grey Street; Sri Aurobindo was living here when he was arrested in May 1908. The name of the street has been changed to "Sri Aurobindo Sarani". (A;A.B, T.) D 2:367-68 4:260

Grihya Sutras a class of Hindu scriptures by different authors, dealing with the rules for the conduct of domestic rites and the per- sonal sacraments, extending from birth to marriage. (Dow.) a 13:83 14:284

Grindlays (& Co.) agents of C. R. Das in Calcutta through whom he sent money to Sri Aurobindo. Maybe it is this firm which later took the form of the big English bank that still exists. (A) n 27:440, 455

Gritsamada (Bhargava) the reputed Rishi of many hymns in the second Mandala of the Rig-veda. He belonged to the line of Vedic Rishis called Bhargavas. (Dow.) Q 10:55, 170, 173-74 11:81, 92, 97

Guadalagasu a fictitious name for a town in Spain, coined by Sri Aurobindo in connection with a hypothetical example of his occult action during the Spanish Civil War. a 26:205

Guatemala the most populous and the third largest country of Central America. The capital is also named Guatemala. (Col. Enc.) o 15:617

Gudakesha an epithet of Arjuna, meaning "master (or conqueror) of sleep or leth- argy". a 4:78, 104 8:78, 80

Gudrun heroine of several Old Norse legends whose principal theme is revenge. She is the sister of Gunner and wife of SIGURD’ (Siegfried) and after Sigurd’s death, ofAtli. (Enc.Br.) a 7:887

Guendolen  in Sri Aurobindo’s poem The Vigil of Thaliard, sister of Thaliard. (A) a 5:l8l

Guendolen2 a proposed character – daughter of Corineus – mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Sri Aurobindo’s play The House of Brut. o 7:883

Guendolen3 a character – sister of the witch Alasiel – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Witch ofllni. a 7:1057, 1074-75

Guha, Anath Bandhu (1847-1927), a busy lawyer and the leading man of Mymensingh, Bengal (now in Bangladesh). He was an ardent patriot and was for some years associated with the Congress. (A;D, N.B.) a 2:281 ‘

Guha, Manoranjan (1858-1919), a prominent anti-Partition agitator in 1905-06 at Barisal and afterwards in Calcutta and vicinity. He was a well-to-do man and gave financial support to the Manicktolla revolutionary group. He was one of the nine Bengalis deported in December 1908. (P.T.I.; D.N.B.) D 1:698 2:58, 77, 316 26:43

Guhaka in the Ramayana, king of the Nishadas or Bhils, a friend of RAMA’ during his exile. (Dow.) Var: Guhyaka Q 3:428 22:416

Guide name of a steamer by which, accord- ing to a rumour of January 1910, some people were going to be deported from Calcutta. (A) a 4:241

Gujarat a large area in western India. In the widest sense it includes the whole compact area where the Gujarati language is spoken, i.e. the states of Saurashtra and Cutch, the main territories of the former Baroda state, and many districts of the old Bombay province. In 1960 Gujarat was separated from Bombay and constituted into a separate state of the Republic of India. (Col. Enc.; D.I.H.) Var: Gujerat

 Der: Gujerati(s) D 1:201, 594, 638-39, 644-47, 688, 691 2:330, 385 3:98, 215 4:99, 268 10:35 24:1503 26:47, 81, 244, 409-10, 435 27:41, 54 29:790 111:86 XIII: 51

Gujarati (language) Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 20 million persons in the Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra and surrounding areas; it is one of the 14 regional languages recognised in the Indian constitution. The language, which has a long literary tradition, is written in a modified Devanagari script. (Enc. Br.) Var:

Gujerati; Guzerati a 3:155 14:320 26:205 27:421 111:84 XV: 67

Gujaria now spelled Gojaria, a village in Vijapur taluka, about fifteen miles south- west of Vijapur town. Presently in the district of Ahmedabad, Vijapur was formerly included in the princely state of Baroda. Sri Aurobindo visited Gujaria and probably stayed there for some time in connection with his service in the Land Settlement Department of the state.

D m:86

Gujerati an English journal published from Bombay by the Moderates. Var: Guzerati (a misspelling) a l: 387, 754-55

Gulab Bano case a case in which the police and the Government of Punjab seem to have acted unfairly. (A) a 2:354, 357

Gundhamadan See Gandhamadan

Gundhurva(s) See Gandharva(s)

Gunga See Ganga

Gungotri Gangotri, the source of the Bhagirathi River (a headstream of the Ganga) in northern Uttar Pradesh; the Himalayan mountain shrine of Gangotri is nearby, about 31°N and 79°E. (Enc. Br.;

R. Map) Var: Gungotry a 5: 196 I: 20, 23

Gunthar a character – an earl – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Eric. n 6:473, 477, 480, 482, 539-43, 546-47

Gupta a dynasty of Indian kings who reigned in Magadha (presently in Bihar state) in northeastern India. They maintained an

empire over northern and parts of central and western India from the early 4th to the late 5th century AD. (Enc. Br.) l-l 1:739 14:187, 364, 373, 375 15:264, 341, 347 XVII: 25

Gupta, Binode Kumar (d. 1912), an inspector of police in the Bengal Criminal Investigation Department, posted at Calcutta around 1908. (A.B.T., p. 76, 102; A & R, XIX: 45-46) n 4:258-60 XIX: 45-46

Gupta, Iswara Chandra (1812-59), the first literary historian and critic of Bengali literature. He assembled young talents around him, thus paving the way for a new Bengali literature. He was also a poet; his satirical poems, which contain no malice towards any particular individual, are products of his humorous nature. He edited Samvada Prabhakar, and also brought out two other short-lived papers. (D.N.B.) Var: Ishwar Chandra Gupta 0 3:90 27:351

Gupta, Kedar Das a person known to Sri Aurobindo but forgotten long before 1913. [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov.l913-0ct. '27]

Gupta, K. G. Krishna Gobinda Gupta, a member of the I.C.S. appointed after the examination of 1871. He served in Bengal as magistrate and collector, then became secretary to the Board of Revenue in May 1890, and Commissioner of Excise in 1893. He was a member of the Board of Revenue from 1905 to 1906. After his retirement in 1908 he was nominated to the India Council in Whitehall as one of the two Indians, representing the Hindus. (Wolpert, p. 272; S.F.F; N.S.I.) D 1:196 XXI: 79 (K.G.G.)?

Gupta, Mahendranath (1854-1932), an intimate disciple of Sri Ramakrishna; he is considered next only to Swami Vivekananda as responsible for promoting the gospel of the Master. He is the original recorder in Bengali of The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. (The original book, entitled Sri Sri Rama- krishna Kathamrita, is in five volumes.) Mahendranath is better known to the readers of The Gospel by his pen-name "M". (Enc. ind.; Gospel) a 22:407

Gupta, Nolini Kanta (1889-1984), one of the first and foremost disciples of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother, familiarly known as Nolini-da in the Ashram. As a youth he joined the movement for India’s liberation and in 1908 was implicated, along with Sri Aurobindo, in the Alipore Bomb Case. After their acquittal, he worked with Sri  Aurobindo in Calcutta.

 In November 1910 he came to Pondicherry to stay with Sri Aurobindo, who had arrived there a few months earlier. From time to time he went out of Pondicherry; but in 1926, when the Ashram was founded, Nolini-da settled there permanently and served as its secretary for more than fifty years. He became a member of the Ashram Trust when it was formed in 1955. An eminent writer, poet and littera- teur, Nolini Kanta Gupta was the editor or editorial adviser of a number of English and Bengali journals. His collected works comprise eight volumes in English and as many in Bengali. (Bulletin of S.A.I. C. E., Feb. 1984; D.N.B.) Var: Nalini; Nolini; (In "Record of Yoga" referred to as N) n 26:56, 62 27:482-83, 493 1:18 VII: 4, 6-7, 10, 15, 18-19, 23 XV: 1 XIX: 26 XX: 148 XXI: 2, 19, 32, 34, 49 XXII: 157

Gurdas Ram a political leader of Punjab, allegedly involved in the Rawalpindi riot case around 1907. (A) a 1:432 Gurkha(s) a martial people with strong Mongolian features living on the slopes of the Himalayas; they are the ruling Hindu race in Nepal; Gurkha regiments previously formed a considerable part of the British Army. (D.I.H.; C.O.D.) Var: Goorkha(s) a 1:196, 213, 218-19, 287, 302, 361, 373, 384-85, 528, 603, 626, 702 2:57 11:2

Guzerati See Gujarati

Guzerati See Gujerati

Guzman a character – a courtier – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Maid in the Mill. n 7:821, 825, 829-30, 832, 836

Gwalior name of a former princely state, and its capital, in Central India. Presently Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and division in Madhya Pradesh state of the Republic of India. (D.I.H.;Enc.Br.) D 26:20 IV: 198

Gyneth in Sri Aurobindo’s poem The Vigil of Thaliard, a brother of Thaliard. (A) D 5:180 –

H

Habibullah Amir Habibullah Khan (1872-1919), king of Afghanistan (1901-19), who maintained satisfactory relations with British India, introduced needed reforms in Afghanistan and steered his country on a moderate political course. (Enc. Br.) n 1:261

Habiganj a sub-division in the district of Sylhet, Bengal (now in Bangladesh). (A) D 1:357

Hacon in Sri Aurobindo’s play Eric, Eric’s uncle (mother’s brother). (A) o 6:539-40

Hades in Greek mythology, 1. the god, son of Cronus and Rhea, who won the lordship of the nether world when his brother Zeus won the sky, and Poseidon the sea. The ancients preferred to call him PLUTO. 2. the Underworld, his domain, came also eventually to be known as Hades. The Greeks expected to enter after death into this cheerless nether world. See also Tartarus. (Pears; M.I.) n 5:3, 252-53, 414, 417, 421, 424, 429, 445-46, 454-55, 468, 474-75, 477, 490, 510, 512-13, 515 6:86, 149, 174, 455 7:1061 8:31-32, 34, 38 9:220 16:338-39 17:257 24:1490 27:153, 156 11:26 VI: 134-35

Haeckel, Prof. Ernst (Heinrich) Haeckel (1834-1919), German zoologist and evolutionist, a strong proponent of Darwinism who offered new theories of the descent of man. (Enc. Br.) a 3:112, 369, 459, 465 12:30, 178 17:146 22:340 23:577 IX: 30 XIV: 127 XVII: 26 XIX: 54

Haelios See Helios

Hafiz Shams-ul-Din Hafiz (c. 1320-90), a great Persian mystical poet who composed some of the most sensitive and lyrical poetry ever produced in the Middle East. (Enc. W.B.) a 9:322 1:25

Hague, the capital of the Netherlands and of the province of South Holland, situated four miles from the North Sea; headquarters of the Hague Tribunal, the Permanent Court of Arbitration founded in 1899, and succeeded in 1922 by the Permanent Court of Inter- national Justice, which since 1945 has selected the nominees for election to the United Nations International Court of Justice. (Enc. Br.; Web.) o 1:487 15:364, 585 27:471

Haider Ali (1722-82), Muslim ruler of Mysore and military commander who played an important part in the wars in South India in the mid-18th century. (Enc. Br.) a 4:140

Haihayas a race or tribe of people of India to whom a Scythian origin has been ascribed. The word occurs in the Mahabharata and the Puranas at several places. There were five great divisions of this tribe, and the Vindhya mountains seem to have been their home. They made incursions into the Doab (land between the rivers Ganga and Yamuna in