An Ineffectual Sedition Clause
WE commented yesterday on the folly of the Punjab Government in prosecuting the Punjabee and the ridiculous and unenviable position in which the practical collapse of that prosecution has landed them. The absolute lack of courage, insight and statesmanship in the Indian government has been always a subject of wonder to us. The English are an exceedingly able and practical nation, well versed in the art of keeping down subject races at the least expense and with the greatest advantage to themselves. It is passing strange to see such a race floundering about and hopelessly at sea in dealing with the new situation in India. There are three possible policies by which it could be met. We could understand a policy of Russian repression, making full use of the means of coercion their despotic laws and practice keep ready to their hand in order to stamp out the fire of nationalism before it had spread. We could understand a policy of firm repression of disorder and maintenance of British supremacy, coupled with full and generous concessions in the sphere of local and municipal self-government. We could understand a frank association of the people in the government with provincial Home Rule as its eventual goal. The first policy would be strong and courageous but unwise; for, its only effect on a nation which has a past and remembers it would be to expedite the advent of its future. The second, if immediately undertaken, might be temporarily effective but could not for long satisfy national aspirations. The third is a counsel of perfection to which, fortunately for India’s future greatness, Mr. Blair will hardly get his countrymen to listen. Nevertheless, any of these three would be a rational and sensible policy; but the present attitude of the Government is neither. It is an impossible mixture of timid and flabby coercion with insincere, grudging and dilatory conciliation. The Government looses a Fuller on the people and then at the first check withdraws him. It promises a reform and then hesitates and repents and
Page-269 cannot make up its mind to give it either promptly or frankly. It has stored up any number of legal brahmästras and nägapāśas to bind down and destroy opposition, but it has not the courage to use them. It would like to crush the people, but it dare not; it feels it necessary to make concessions, but it will not. This is the way Empires are lost. The only instance of a coherent policy is in East Bengal where the bureaucracy has envisaged the situation as an unarmed rebellion and is treating it on the military principle of isolating the insurgent forces and crushing them with the help of local allies before the opposition can become organised and universal. It is an acute and skilful policy but it needs for its success two conditions — weakness, vacillation and cowardice on the part of the Calcutta leaders, and want of tenacity in the strong men of East Bengal. But the situation in East Bengal is only a local symptom. In dealing with the general disease, the Government policy is mere confusion.
We may take its treatment of sedition as an instance. The clause
dealing with sedition in the Penal Code is a monument of legal ferocity, but at
present, of futile ferocity. The offence is that of exciting contempt and hatred
against the Government. The Government means the bureaucracy collectively and
individually. Anything therefore in the nature of plain statement and strong
comment on any foolish or arbitrary conduct on the part of an official or on any
unwise or oppressive policy on the part of the Government, Viceregal or
Provincial, or on any absurd or odious feature in the bureaucratic system, or
any attempt to prove that the present administration is responsible for distress
and suffering in India or that bureaucratic rule is doing material
and moral injury to the people and the country, falls within the scope of this
insane provision. For, such statements, comments and attempts must inevitably
provoke contempt and "want of affection" in the people; and the writer
cannot help knowing that they will have that effect. Yet these are things that
fall within the natural duty of the journalist in every country which is not
still in the Dark Ages. Page-270 sword is hung
in vain over the head of the Indian journalists; for, mere imprisonment has no
longer any terrors for Indian patriotism and really crushing penalties can only
be imposed at the risk of driving the people to secret conspiracy and nihilistic
forms of protest. The lower grades of the executive and judiciary are not
affected by scruples, for they are neither called upon to consider ultimate
consequences or exposed to external censure; but the higher one rises in the
official scale, the greater is the deterrent effect of the fear of consequences
and the fear of the world’s censure. This is the reason why ferocious sentences
like that on the Punjabee are minimised in successive appeals — a phenomenon an Anglo-Indian contemporary notices with great disgust. The clauses
124A and 153A are therefore weapons which the Government cannot effectually utilise and to employ them ineffectually is worse than useless. If the
journalist is acquitted, it is a popular victory; if lightly sentenced, public
feeling is irritated, not intimidated; if rigorously dealt with, a great
impulse is given to the tide of nationalism which will sweep onward till this
place of civilised savagery ceases to pollute the statute-books of a revolutionised and modernised administration. Page-271 official Europeans in Mr. Morley’s new Legislative Council along with the Nawab of Dacca and any other equally rare specimens bureaucratic research can discover among the "manlier races of the North who, if they grew turbulent, might prove more troublesome than populations of another class from further South, who, if more effeminate, are also more contented". The .meaning of this extraordinarily slip-shod rigmarole is that the Englishman has been frightened by the disturbances in Lahore which followed on the final conviction of the Punjabee and is also a little uneasy at the prospect of unwelcome changes in the Legislative Councils. Hence its unusual and unsuccessful attempt to overcome its customary "fatuity" and "madness". For our part, we prefer the Englishman fatuous and mad to the Englishman trying in vain to be sensible. In its natural state, it is at least intelligible. Bande Mataram, April 19, 1907
Page-272 |